Dessalinização solar com concentrador parabólico: desempenho, eficiência exergética e influência dos materiais da bandeja de evaporação

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Brito, Yohanna Jamilla Vilar de
• Orientador(a): Lima, Carlos Antônio Pereira de
• Banca de defesa: Vieira, Fernando Fernandes, Souza, Nilmar de, Damm, Djoille Denner, Cavalcante, Geralda Gilvania
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso embargado
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Estadual da Paraíba
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental - PPGCTA
• Departamento: Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa - PRPGP
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Eficiência exergética; Transferência de calor; Concentrador Parabólico
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.uepb.edu.br/handle/123456789/72151

The scarcity of potable water is an increasing challenge, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Solar desalination emerges as a sustainable alternative to convert saline water into a resource suitable for human consumption. In this study, four prototypes of double-slope solar stills were constructed, varying the basin material: insulated aluminum, fiber cement, red ceramic, and glass, the latter coupled to cylindrical-parabolic reflectors. Measurements included water temperature, inner and outer glass temperature, basin temperature, ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and water production, in addition to physicochemical analyses to assess potability. The results showed that fiber cement basins exhibited superior performance, retaining water heat more effectively and enhancing both the evaporation rate and distillate yield. For a 1.0 cm water depth, the system achieved a production of 2,781.25 mL·m⁻², a water temperature of 67 °C, and a maximum solar radiation of 1,122 W·m⁻². A good agreement was observed between theoretical models and experimental data. The average exergy efficiency of the fiber cement still was 7.3% for a 1.0 cm water depth. The desalinated water showed a reduction in all physicochemical parameters, meeting potable water standards. It is concluded that the prototypes, particularly the fiber cement model, represent viable alternatives for the semi-arid region of Paraíba.