Densidade, genética e saúde populacional como ferramentas para propor um plano de controle e erradicação de invasão biológica: o caso de Callithrix aurita (Primates) no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Daniel Gomes
• Orientador(a): Bergallo, Helena de Godoy
• Banca de defesa: Geise, Lena , Almosny, Nádia Regina Pereira , Nogueira, Denise Monnerat, Pissinatti, Alcides
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente
• Departamento: Multidisciplinar
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Espécies exóticas invasores; callithrix penicillata; conservação; Biodiversidade - Conservação - Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (RJ); Proteção ambiental; Plantas exóticas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Invasive alien species; callithrix penicillata; conservation
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14251

The introduction of species in places outside their natural distribution is an important concern in biodiversity conservation. Callithrix aurita is endemic in regions of high-altitude forests of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. The most relevant criteria of fitting as endangered species are: habitat destruction, inability to adapt to degraded secondary forests, population decline, restricted distribution and introduction of invasive alien species. These criteria, coupled with the apparent rarity, explain its inclusion on the Official List of Species of Brazilian Fauna Threatened with Extinction. The objectives are: to estimate the population size of C. aurita, C. penicillata and their hybrids in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park, assess hybridization between species by morphology and laboratory check the health status and confirm the involvement of C. aurita in the fatherhood of trapped animals, propose a plan for eradication and control of invasion of C. penicillata in the Park. The population sizes of the two primate species were estimated by the method "Distance Sampling". A total of seven marmosets were captured with live traps set for the chemical and physical restraint and subsequent completion of the procedures. For the haemogram, the biochemical and genetic analysis, blood was collected in a test tube containing anticoagulant and kept at refrigerator temperature until the moment of handling / processing of samples. Callithrix aurita appears to be well preserved only in the park area corresponding to the portion located in the city of Petrópolis. The cytogenetic and molecular analysis of hybrids are a useful tool to confirm whether or not hybridization, identifying the species involved and seeing if there is a tendency in the backcrosses. One may suggest that there is a tendency for species differentiation and identification of hybrid individuals by standard hematological and biochemical, to be confirmed with a larger sample of the species C. aurita, preferably from the same locality and under the same conditions. In the case of C. aurita, the main recommendations for its conservation research to include the registration of other populations in areas of distribution free of intrusion, so you can evaluate the chances of population recovery and species survival. The creation of new protected areas should be encouraged, as well as more detailed studies on the species already known sites of occurrence, and a safe program of captive breeding.