Guyau, Durkheim e o problema científico da moralidade: por uma via sociológica de mediação para o impasse entre liberdade e determinismo

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Amaro, Rodolfo Alves
• Orientador(a): Vandenberghe, Frédéric
• Banca de defesa: Cardoso, Adalberto Moreira , Garchet, Helena Maria Bomeny , Augusto, Maria Helena Oliva , Weiss, Raquel Andrade
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Sociais::Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Moralidade; Espiritualismo; Positivismo; Liberdade; Determinismo; Hábito; Esforço; Émile Durkheim; Jean-Marie Guyau
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Morality; Spiritualism; Positivism; Freedom; Determinism; Habit; Effort; Émile Durkheim; Jean-Marie Guyau
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA::FUNDAMENTOS DA SOCIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15518

Starting from an inquiry focused on certain presuppositions and tensions that characterized the French intellectual environment of the late nineteenth century, and following an apparent growing recognition of the participation of spiritualism in the intellectual formation of the icons responsible for human sciences emergence in France, this study seeks to reinterpret the works of Jean-Marie Guyau and Émile Durkheim, discussing their theoretical efforts to make a social science viable. It proposes reconsidering the contributions of Guyau and Durkheim as an extension of problems that had already been unresolved for a few decades, and which gained expression in oppositions between philosophy (or psychology) and science, spiritualism and positivism, determinism and freedom, reflecting on polarizations such as those between activity and passivity, morality and habit. Then, it is argued that the attempts to settle, mediate or resolve such tensions had acted decisively and deeply in their sociological endeavors. The specificity of their solutions to those dilemmas was not only to elect sociological reasoning for it, but also to mediate those polarizations through the concept of morality. This explains the centrality of the scientific problem of morality as groundwork for their sociologies, which can be seen both as the biggest challenge and as the pillar capable of sustaining a social science. It is based on this framework on the issue of morality and its relation to the composition of psychic life that notions such as individual autonomy, rules of conduct, obligation, habit, life and anomie are interpreted. It allows treading into the contrasts and similarities between Durkheim and Guyau as well as the persistence and innovations brought by their theoretical systematizations. Analyzing their attempts to promote syntheses between spiritualism and positivism in their major works, this study aims to use a series of counterpoints between both thinkers in order to elucidate some components underlying their perspectives responsible for sharper contrast between their sociological insights. Thus, it seeks to provide a more detailed interpretation of the Durkheimian sociology considering its development as repeated attempts to resolve the transition from passivity to activity through morality. As a background to this dissertation, the aim is to demonstrate an arduous and intricate transition from a sociologically naive spiritualism to a hyper-spiritual sociology averse to the notion of a disengaged self.