Estudo do perfil clínico, metabólico, hormonal e inflamatório de crianças pré-púberes nascidas com baixo peso e sua relação com a prematuridade, retardo do crescimento intrauterino e ganho ponderal pós-natal

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Medeiros, Clarice Borschiver de
• Orientador(a): Madeira, Isabel Rey
• Banca de defesa: Monteiro, Cláudia Braga , Kuschnir, Maria Cristina Caetano , Ramos, José Roberto de Moraes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
• Departamento: Centro Biomédico::Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Baixo peso ao nascer; Prematuro; Resistência à insulina; Adipocinas; Recém-nascidos; Prematuros; Peptídeos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Low birth weight; Preterm birth; Insulin resistance; Adipokine
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA::CLINICA MEDICA::PEDIATRIA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/8748

Low birth weight (LBW) has been associated with increased neonatal mortality and long-term risks for central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, conditions related to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical, metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory profile associated with cardiovascular risk in prepubertal LBW and to determine the influence of birth weight, prematurity and fetal growth restriction on this variables of interest. A cross-sectional study of 58 LBW children, between 2-7 years, including 32 preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA), 17 preterm small for gestational age (SGA), 9 term SGA and 38 term AGA children born at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital of the State University of Rio de Janeiro, derived from pediatric outpatient clinics of the same hospital. Frequency of altered lipid profile, as well as the median of change in weight and height SD score (SDS) between birth and the time of the study, body mass index SDS (BMI SDS), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were compared between these two groups. In the LBW group, the correlation between these same variables and birth weight, gestational age, birth weight and length SDS and change in weight and length SDS between birth and the first year, and up to the time of the study, were evaluated after adjustment for age and sex. The LBW group showed greater variation in weight (p-value = 0.0002) and height SDS (p = 0.003) up to the time of the study and lower levels of adiponectin (p-value = 0.027). There were no correlation between the variables associated with cardiovascular risk and the degree of LBW, prematurity or fetal growth restriction. BMI SDS levels (p-value = 0.0001), waist circumference (p-value = 0.0008), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.046), insulin (p = 0.02), HOMA -IR (p = 0.016) and leptin (p-value = 0.0008) correlated with the change in weight SDS in the first year. The BMI SDS (p-value = 0.042) also correlated with the change in length SDS in the first year. There was correlation between BMI SDS (p-value = 0.0001), waist circumference (p-value = 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.022), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), insulin (p = 0.007), HOMA-IR (p = 0.005) and leptin (p-value = 0.0001) with the change in weight SDS until the time of the study. These findings shows that prepubertal LBW children, do not differ from the group of children born with adequate weight, except for the levels of adiponectin, a known cardiovascular protective adipocitocin. Regarding the correlation analysis, neither birth weight, prematurity or fetal growth restriction influenced the variables of interest. However, postnatal factors, such as weight and height gain correlated with variables related to cardiovascular risk. Further studies are necessary to assess whether these findings constitute increased cardiovascular risk in this group of patients.