Caracterização de cálculos urinários humanos inteiros de rim e bexiga usando difração de raios X e microtomografia computadorizada

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Marcos Vinicius Colaço
• Orientador(a): Barroso, Regina Cely Rodrigues
• Banca de defesa: Perlingeiro, Pedro Jorge Von Ranke , Nogueira, Liebert Parreiras , Carrerette, Fabrício Borges , Braz, Delson , Costa, Fanny Nascimento
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física
• Departamento: Centro de Tecnologia e Ciências::Instituto de Física Armando Dias Tavares
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Urolitíase; Difração; Raios X; Microtomografia; Síncrotron; Rietveld
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Urolithiasis; Diffraction; X-Ray; Microtomography; Synchroton; Rietveld
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA::FISICA DA MATERIA CONDENSADA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12845

Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem that afflicts all regions, cultures and ethnics groups. The incidence is increasing around the world and related data about Brazil estimate that affect 5% population with 2.5% recurrence rate. Knowledge of the quantitative mineralogy of urinary calculi is of fundamental importance for optimization of nephrolithiasis therapy and to prevent potential risk of recurrence. The urinary stones used in the present study were made available to us via normal surgery from patients admitted to the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE/UERJ). Structural and microstructural characterizations of four urinary calculi samples (RJ100, RJ101, RJ102 e RJ104) were determined by means of X-ray microtomography and powder diffraction. Conventional (μCT) and synchrotron radiation microtomography (SR-μCT) experiments were performed at the TOMOLAB station and SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation on MEdical Physics) beamline, both at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory in Trieste (Italy), respectively. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data were collected at the X-ray powder diffraction beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) in Campinas, Brazil. For the bladder stones, RJ100 and RJ104, the identified phases were struvite (STV), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD) and calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp). The kidney stones RJ101 and RJ102 can be considered pure struvite stones. Moreover, the Rietveld refinement indicates the presence of more than 60 wt% of amorphous phase of all samples. The use of μCT scanning technology not only improves knowledge of internal structures of intact urinary calculi, but also allowed us to investigate efficiently specimens that run a particular risk of deformation or destruction from conventional preparation. Synchrotron X-ray powder profile-fitting structure refinement using the Rietveld method has proved to be a powerful tool in identifying and estimating the quantitative crystalline phase abundances present in the samples. This work demonstrated the capabilities of a combination ofμCT and XRP analyses for structural and microstructural characterizations of human urinary calculi samples. Moreover, the XRD data demonstrate that STV is the major constituent phase in all samples, which seems to be a tendency in Rio de Janeiro population. Clearly, there is a need for more studies on stone disease from Rio de Janeiro in order to isolate the fundamental reasons for the observed features of the kidney stones distribution.