Análise entre composição corporal, marcadores fisiológicos, temperatura da pele e desempenho de atletas de triatlo olímpico

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Romão, Wagner Siqueira
• Orientador(a): Vale, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza
• Banca de defesa: Neves, Eduardo Borba , Nunes, Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte
• Departamento: Centro de Educação e Humanidades::Instituto de Educação Física e Desporto
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Composição corporal; Aptidão física; Triatletas; Hidratação; Termografia; Triatlo; Atletismo; Atletismo – Aspectos fisiológicos; Temperatura corporal; Atletas; Desempenho – Avaliação; Hydration; Thermography
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Body composition; Physical fitness; Triathletes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::EDUCACAO FISICA
• Link de acesso: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/16535

Triathlon is a sport that combines three sports (swimming, cycling and running) and can be played at different distances. From the shortest ones such as short distance (750m, 20km and 5km) to ironman full distance (3.8km, 180km and 42.2km). Physical exhaustion during the performance of a triathlon event tends to cause a series of physiological changes that generate different responses in the athlete's performance. Thus, this dissertation aims to analyze the relationships between body composition, physiological and skin temperature markers in the performance of amateur athletes in the Olympic triathlon. To this end, this dissertation was organized into three studies. In the first study, a systematic review was carried out that investigated the use of thermography in endurance sports. The results of this review presented the regions of interest used in the evaluation (ROI), the types of cameras, the evaluation protocols and the results of the selected studies. The second study was characterized by a cross-sectional descriptive research, with the objective of analyzing skin temperature (Tskin), thermal sensation, thermal comfort, skin moisture and perceived exertion in amateur Olympic triathlon athletes submitted to a simulated event. The sample was composed of Armed Forces triathlon athletes, of both genders, experienced and submitted to a weekly training routine in the three sports modalities. Participants were evaluated in two distinct steps, with a minimum interval of 24-48 h between them. In step 1, a diagnostic evaluation was carried out and, in the second moment, the volunteers were submitted to a simulated competition of triathlon in the Olympic distance, where the thermal subjective perceptions, total body mass and the Tskin of the face and hands were measured. In the end, the subjective perception of effort increased between M2 and M4 (p = 0.000; d = -1.682) and between M3 and M4 (p = 0.001; d = -1.136). In relation to body mass, there was a decrease in moments M1 and M4 (p = 0.003; d = 1.914) and M3 and M4 (p = 0.000; d = 1.000). The Tskin, represented by the temperatures of the face and the right and left hands, decreased between M1 and M2 in the temperature of the face (p < 0.001; d = 3.518), of the right hand (p < 0.001; d = 5.327) and of the left hand (p < 0.001; d = 4.614). It is possible to conclude that triathlon athletes finish the swimming phase with a face and hand temperature significantly lower than in the other phases of the competition due to the temperature of the sea water. This reduction favors the balance of Tskin in the other stages (cycling and running) due to this cooling and the greater difference for higher temperatures that would generate greater risks to athletes. Finally, the third study aimed to determine the influence of a simulated triathlon race on Olympic distance on skin temperature in twenty different specific regions of the body and to correlate skin temperature responses with race performance, using the total quality of recovery and with the VO2max test. The sample consisted of Armed Forces triathlon athletes, of both sexes. Participants were evaluated in three different stages, with a minimum interval of 24 hours between them. There was no correlation regarding VO2max and thermoregulation of the study subjects, Tskin, after a triathlon race in Olympic distance, returned to the same levels 24 hours before the event and the athletes with the best result in the VO2max test were the same who obtained the best times in the triathlon race, that is, the lowest times and the best overall quality of recovery