Influência de lâminas de irrigação, doses de nitrogênio e de potássio aplicadas pelo método convencional e por fertirrigação na cultura do milho

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Mesquita, José Bruno Rego de
• Orientador(a): Azevedo, Benito Moreira de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Irrigação e drenagem; Evapotranspiração; Adubação; Zea mays L.; Evapotranspiration
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16881

In the Northeastern Brazil, particularly in the Ceará state, irrigated agriculture contributes significantly to agricultural production: fruit, vegetable and grain crops. The Maize (corn) culture, traditional in the Region, has great socio-economic importance, being the most cultivated by small, medium and large farmers, contributing to the generation of employment and income, keeping workers from migrating. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Estação Agrometeorológica (agrometeorological station) of the Universidade Federal do Ceará. The soil of the region is sandy red yellow podzolic. The experiment was carried out with AG-1051 hybrid maize. Localized drip irrigation was used in the experiment. The said experiment was performed through 2011 and 2012. The total acreage in each year was 602 m2, divided into three parts for installing each of the three (sub) experiments. The first (sub) experiment consisted in applying several irrigation levels based on Penman-Monteith EvapoTranspiration parametrized by FAO, corresponding to treatments: Li30, or 30% PMETo; Li60, or 60% PMETo; Li90, or 90% PMETo; Li120, or 120% PMETo; Li150, or 150% PMETo and Li180, or 180% PMETo. The experimental design was that of randomized blocks, with six treatments and five blocks (replicates). The second experiment consisted of evaluating the effects of different N doses, conventionally applied and applied by fertigation. The treatments were divided into F0 and C0 = 0.0 kg ha-1 (control); F45 = 45 kg ha-1 (fert); C45 = 45 kg ha-1 (conv); F90 = 90 kg ha-1 (fert); C90 = 90 kg ha-1 (conv); F180 = 180 kg ha-1 (fert); C180 = 180 kg ha-1 (conv). The third experiment consisted of evaluating the effects of different doses of K, conventionally applied and applied by fertigation. The treatments were divided into F0 and C0 = 0.0 kg ha-1 (control); F15 = 15 kg ha-1 (fert); C15 = 15 kg ha-1 (conv); F30 = 30 kg ha-1 (fert); C30 = 30 kg ha-1 (conv); F60 = 60 kg ha-1 (fert); C60 = 60 kg ha-1 (conv). The experimental design in the second and third (sub) experiments was that of randomized blocks in a 2x4 factorial arrangement with eight treatments and four replicates. Irrigation levels showed significant effects on the following variables: Corn cob with and without husks, thousand grain weight and productivity in both years, all adjusting to the second degree polynomial model. The irrigation level that maximized the yield of corn (maize) was estimated to be 124.2% of PMETo, for the climatic conditions of 2012. Regarding the nitrogen dose and its form of application, it was observed that fertigation was superior to conventional fertilization, and the variables Corn cob with and without husks and productivity showed significant effects for the application form and Nitrogen dose. The dose of nitrogen fertilizer that maximized the Maize (or corn) productivity was estimated at 123.2 kg ha-1. However, relatively to the K dose and its form of application, it was observed that the conventional fertilization did not differ from fertigation, in the two years evaluated. However, the K doses were statistically different for following the variables: Corn cob with and without husks and productivity. Conventionally applied, the K dose which maximized the crop yield was 82.0 kg ha-1 for the cultivation conditions of 2011.