Elasticidade Emprego do Crescimento Econômico na América Latina e Desigualdade Salarial no Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Alencar, Matheus Oliveira de
• Orientador(a): Araujo, Jair Andrade de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Elasticidade do Emprego; Desigualdade Salarial; Mercado de trabalho
• Link de acesso: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/39799

This dissertation is made up of two studies applied to the labor market. The first one aimed to find the structural constraints of employment intensity in Latin American countries from 1992 to 2012. The method of analysis used to achieve this objective was the multiple regression with panel data. The data used were extracted from statistical databases of the International Labor Organization (ILO), the World Bank and Penn World Tables (PWT). To explain the employment intensity in the Latin American countries, such as control, macroeconomic variables, labor market structure and demographic characteristics were used. The results confirm that economic instabilities directly affect the country's job creation potential. The positive influence of workers' participation in the agricultural sector could also be noted. Finally, in the demographic aspect, there was a negative effect of the urbanization rate, as well as a positive effect of the human capital index of the population, indicating the importance of this variable on jobgeneration in Latin-American economies. The second chapter aimed to demonstrate the conditionalities of wage inequality in Brazilian municipalities from 2007 to 2016. For this,municipal variables obtained through the micro-data of the RAIS / MTE were employed. As a method of analysis, multiple regressions with panel data were used as well. The main hypotheses of the study were confirmed: a positive relation between wage inequality and municipality size was confirmed in Brazil, meaning that larger municipalities in population terms tended to show higher levels of inequality. The same relation was observed with the average salary of the municipality. It was also possible to confirm the favorable influence of wage inequality in Brazilian municipalities on factors such as the proportions of workers in the financial sector, in the public sector, in the agricultural sector, and in those with a higher level. Finally, increasing female participation in the labor market contributes to the reduction of wage inequality.