Impacto de espaços verdes urbanos no bem estar e conforto térmico de pedestres: avaliação qualitativa integrada com termografia

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Luciélia Lacerda da
• Orientador(a): Fiedler, Nilton César
• Banca de defesa: Botrel, Rejane Tavares , Miyajima, Ricardo Hideaki , Carmo, Flávio Cipriano de Assis do , Moura, Cristiane Coelho de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Mestrado em Ciências Florestais
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ergonomia; Mudança do clima; Arborização urbana; Qualidade de vida; Ergonomics; Climate change; Urban afforestation; Quality of life
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/20722

This study aimed to investigate the influence of urban green spaces on well-being and thermal comfort. The range of surface and air temperatures, as well as thermal comfort, were analyzed in wooded and non-wooded scenarios. Furthermore, it sought to evaluate the possibility of estimating the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index from surface temperature, as well as visualizing future climate change scenarios. The methodology included defining typical winter days, characterizing the sociodemographic profile of pedestrians, and assessing well-being using a scale of positive and negative affects associated with the Momentary Ecological Assessment method. Surface temperature was obtained by aerial survey with a thermal sensor at three times (6 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm) in wooded and non-wooded areas of central streets in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro (ES). Simultaneously, two thermal stress meters recorded data every five minutes, under shaded and sunny conditions, between 6 am and 4 pm. For the climate change analysis, the positive (RCP 4.5) and negative (RCP 8.5) scenarios were considered for the period from 2071 to 2100. The thermal comfort analysis followed Regulatory Standard No. 15 and Occupational Hygiene Standard No. 06, using multiple linear regression models and the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The results indicated that well-being, assessed by the average of affects, did not differ significantly between times of day or between wooded and non-wooded areas. However, a more pronounced polarization between positive and negative affects was observed in the non-wooded scenario. In general, positive emotions predominated, especially "attentive," "determined," and "alert," while "guilty," "hostile," and "terrified" were rarely mentioned. Wooded areas showed a greater thermal amplitude, reaching 13.46 °C between shade and sun conditions, confirming their importance in regulating the urban microclimate. The WBGT index could be estimated from surface temperature: in multiple linear regression, the adjusted R² ranged from 0.238 to 0.962, while in Random Forest it reached 0.835 in wooded areas and 0.890 in non-wooded areas. Multiple linear regression presented limitations, requiring segmentation by hourly periods and separation between shade and sun to meet statistical assumptions. Air temperature modeling via multiple linear regression showed fit only for the non-wooded scenario (adjusted R² between 0.844 and 0.985). With Random Forest, the adjusted R² ranged from 0.800 to 0.949 between scenarios. Thus, it was possible to spatially represent, with high resolution (1 m²), the positive and negative climate change scenarios in the studied areas. Climate projections showed that maximum temperatures, in both scenarios, will occur at 4 PM. In the wooded area, the estimated maximum temperatures ranged from 27.30 to 34.62 °C in RCP 4.5 and from 29.73 to 37.05 °C in RCP 8.5. In the non wooded area, the maximum temperatures were also concentrated at 4 PM, ranging from 23.09 to 26.40 °C (RCP 4.5) and from 26.95 to 30.26 °C (RCP 8.5).