Violências por parceiro íntimo e adversidades na infância: impacto na ocorrência da depressão em mulheres residentes em Vitória, Espírito Santo

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Tiffani Matos
• Orientador(a): Leite, Franciele Marabotti Costa
• Banca de defesa: Fiorotti, Karina Fardin , Gabira Miguez, Fernanda Garcia , Abreu, Gracielle Karla Pampolim
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências da Saúde
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Depressão; Violência por parceiro íntimo; Adversidades na infância; Childhood adversities; Intimate partner violence; Depression
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Saúde Coletiva
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/19141

Introduction: Depression is a serious public health problem, being a complex phenomenon with multiple etiologies that affects individuals in unique ways, impacting various aspects of life such as personality, autonomy, and behaviors involving intimate partners. Therefore, it is important to understand the life stages and the possibilities for its onset, such as the early years of life and the developmental process. When children experience adversity during childhood, they show changes in their responses to certain circumstances, leading to trauma and stress situations that affect their adult life, including depression. Furthermore, depression is also associated with intimate partner violence, as women with depressive symptoms tend to accept partners with behavioral disorders, one of which is violence. Objectives: The general objective was to conduct a literature review on depression, examine the association between signs and symptoms of depression in adulthood, and its relationship with childhood adversities and intimate partner violence in women from Vitória, ES. The specific objectives were: to conduct a literature review on the topic of depression; estimate the association between signs and symptoms of depression in adulthood and socio-economic and reproductive characteristics; measure the association between childhood adversities and the prevalence of depressive symptoms; and measure the association between intimate partner violence and the prevalence of signs and symptoms of depression. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study, where data from the research titled "Violence Against Women in Vitória, Espírito Santo: A Population-based Study," conducted in 2022, were analyzed, interviewing a total of 1,085 women. The World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW) instrument was used to assess intimate partner violence; the International Childhood Adversity Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to evaluate childhood adversities according to subdomains: neglect, abuse, and family conflicts; and the Beck Inventory was used to measure manifestations of depressive symptoms. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Pearson chi-square test, and the association between variables was analyzed using Logistic Regression with a 95% confidence interval. To verify the Beck score, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed. The analyses were conducted using Stata 17, and the project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Espírito Santo under opinion no. 2,819,597. Results: Depressive symptoms were found in approximately 24% of the women studied. When associated with the four types of childhood adversity, 34.6% exhibited depressive symptoms, with 45.6% among those with an incarcerated family member and 39.1% among those who experienced sexual abuse. Depressive symptoms were found in 39.1% of women who had their first sexual intercourse forced. Women who experienced partner violence throughout their lifetime had a 44.3% chance of presenting depressive symptoms. Similarly, lower family income was found to be associated with 2.98 (95% CI: 1.86–4.77) times higher chances of depressive symptoms. Those with a history of emotional abuse had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.82–3.44) times higher chances of having depressive symptoms, and having a family member who had been incarcerated increased the odds by 1.90 (95% CI: 1.18–3.05). Conclusion: The study highlights the profile of women affected by depression, associating socio-economic conditions and life histories, particularly concerning intimate partner violence and childhood adversities. These factors are related to an increased probability of depressive symptoms in the woman's adult life. As a result, there is a clear need for prevention efforts and health promotion directed at this group, addressing both mental health and violence. Based on these findings, the need for specific strategies and attention focused on prevention and continuous, integrated intervention is evident, promoting support networks and policies that ensure gender equality