O ciclo TDR como instrumento analíticorepresentacional para um desenvolvimento local: experimento metodológico na Vila de Itaúnas/ES

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Mazzini, Maisa
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo; Centro de Artes; UFES; Programa de Pós- Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• Palavras-chave em Português: Planejamento; patrimônio territorial; desenvolvimento local; territorialização; desterritorialização; reterritorialização; Vila de Itaúnas (ES); subject.br-rjbn; Arquitetura e Urbanismo
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/15088

Epistemological discussions in the state of the art about local development have exposed the category of "territorial heritage" as a concept and instrument, created by Alberto Magnaghi and disseminated by the Italian Territorialist School, since the 1990s. The territorialist approach proposes the "return to the place” through representation and planning, and suggests a new understanding of the territory, and the sediments that compose it, as heritage. Starting from the analysis and synthesis of the territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization cycles (or TDR Cycle), it is possible to identify the permanence of material, economic and cognitive sediments that conform "structural invariants" – in other words, the relationship of structuring assets of local identities that endure over time. The TDR cycle comprises the path of transformation of nature into territory through territorializing anthropogenic actions (Territorialization), events and agents that cause disruptions and disturbances in socio-spatial arrangements (Desterritorialization) and their recreations (Reterritorialization). Despite the conceptual extension, contemporary planning shows a partial understanding and a segmentation of heritage, dissociated into two distinct dimensions - Nature and Culture - based on unsustainable development models resulted from a functionalist-reductionist approach. In addition, contemporary planning has served as a subsidy to the interests of capital and of certain dominant classes, contributing to the process of capitalist production of space and causing subsequent and concomitant cycles of “continuous deterritorialization”. In this reflexive context, there is Vila de Itaúnas, headquarter of Conceição da Barra’s district (ES), in which the capital hides behind the mask of real estate speculation and of exploratory tourism, intensifying the process of gentrification of the local native population. On the macro scale, it is possible to observe around the village and throughout the far north of Espirito Santo, the territorial domination of agricultural industrial activities and eucalyptus monocultures in large areas. Thus, under the thematics "Heritage", "Planning" and “Development”, this study aims to establish premises for the local development of Vila de Itaúnas, based on the resumption of its territorial and heritage values, contributing to strategic planning actions. The specific objectives are: a) to produce historical research of the territorial production process of Vila de Itaúnas supported by a critical conceptual apparatus; b) to establish methodology for the elaboration of the TDR Cycle; c) to accomplish the TDR Cycle of Vila de Itaúnas; d) to outline discussions and questions regarding the levels of unsustainability in the village's territory. Pursuing these objectives, a methodological path is defined based on a hybrid approach between empirical-descriptive-qualitative methods, having as its core the historical-relational analyses of the territory: i) formation of a conceptual foundation about territory, the production of space/territory; heritage, territorial resources, territorialization, deterritorialization, reterritorialization and local development; ii) investigation, selection and construction of a descriptive-analytical-representative method for the elaboration of the TDR Cycle; iii) systematization of documents, geographic and statistical information, iconographies, reports, material, etc., through documentary-bibliographic research; iv) approximation and spatial understanding of phenomena through the elaboration of maps by manipulating available georeferenced data; v) field survey, on-site mapping, photographic record, observation of the territorial area, interviews and reports and life stories organization; vi) organization, analysis and synthesis of data and material collected/prepared towards the development of Vila de Itaúnas’ TDR Cycle and proposition of premises. The result of this work is the identification of eight territorialization cycles in the history of Vila de Itaúnas, distributed in six distinct historical periods. A reterritorialization centered on self-government and the strengthening of local bonds is stated. The final product is a collection about the concrete object and its present/past, in order to understand the issues surrounding it and to assist sustainable transformation processes in the future.