Concepção sobre deficiência entre profissionais de centros especializados em reabilitação do estado do Espírito Santo

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Zuqui, Aline Cáus
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BR; Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFES; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pessoas com deficiência; Rede de cuidados à pessoa com deficiência; Serviços de reabilitação; Estudos transversais; Disabled persons; Health services for disabled persons; Rehabilitation services; Cross-sectional studies; Saúde Coletiva
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17710

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) revolutionizes the understanding of functioning and disability by emphasizing the interaction between health problems and contextual factors. However, historically, different concepts of disability have spread in society and influence how people with disabilities are viewed and treated. The metaphysical (religious) conception considers that the causes of disability are related to supernatural forces, divine punishment, or protection. The biological conception is based on the biomedical model of health and understands disability from the perspective of active pathology, injury, or functional impairment, which cause a negative experience. The social model views disability as a condition of human difference and considers it a mismatch between the body and the environment, seeing it as a societal rather than an individual issue. With the establishment of the Care Network for Persons with Disabilities in the Brasilian Public Health System, the Specialized Rehabilitation Centers (CER) have become specific points of attention for the health care of people with disabilities. Currently, the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil) has six accredited CERs, and it is expected that the professionals in these services understand disability from the biopsychosocial model of the ICF, promoting inclusion and participation of this population in life processes. Thus, the general objective of this study is to understand how professionals in the CERs of the state of Espírito Santo conceive disability. The specific objectives were to describe the different conceptions of disability among professionals working in rehabilitation; relate the conceptions of disability of professionals working in rehabilitation to their professional profiles; outline the profile of professionals working in the CERs of the state of Espírito Santo; and perform a psychometric analysis of the Escala Intercultural de Concepções de Deficiência - EICD (Intercultural Scale of Conceptions of Disability) for use in the Specialized Rehabilitation Centers. A cross sectional, exploratory, quantitative study was conducted with professionals from CERs in the state of Espírito Santo. The research instrument was sent via the online platform Google Forms and consisted of sociodemographic questions, professional profile, academic background, type of professional activity in the CER, and the EICD. Eighty-six professionals participated in the study, 61 females and 25 males, with an average age of 39.9 years. Most participants tend to agree with the social and biological conceptions of disability and disagree with the religious conception. The alignment with the social conception of disability is an advancement, yet the biological conception remains prevalent, highlighting a difficulty in overcoming the biomedical model. Although the majority of professionals disagree with the metaphysical conception, 1/3 of the participants tend to agree with it. Comparison analyses showed that male participants tended to disagree with the metaphysical conception, while female participants disagreed. CERs in rural areas tended to disagree with the metaphysical conception, while in the metropolitan region there was disagreement. Rehabilitation professionals disagreed with the metaphysical conception, whereas other professionals tended to disagree. The EICD proved to be a reliable instrument for measuring disability conceptions among CER workers. The results prompt a reflection on how these conceptions can affect practices that do not prioritize individuals' potential, reinforcing an understanding of disability as an individual issue