A atuação do poder público na provisão habitacional para os grupos sociais excluídos : as multifaces de um problema permanente e histórico em Vitória/ES/Brasil (Séc. XIX-XXI)

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Muniz, Andreia Fernandes
• Orientador(a): Mendonça, Eneida Maria Souza
• Banca de defesa: Zanotelli, Cláudio Luiz , Miranda, Clara Luiza , Ferreira, João Sette Whitaker , Maia, Doralice Sátyro
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Doutorado em Geografia
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia
• Departamento: Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Habitação social; Atores sociais; Produção do espaço urbano; Políticas habitacionais; Agentes produtores do espaço urbano; Urbanização de favelas; Social housing; Social actors; Production of urban space; Housing policies; Agents producing urban space; Urbanization of slums
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Geografia
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/18242

The central issue of the thesis is to highlight the provision of and access to housing as a historical and permanent problem faced by the low-income population, excluded from formal access to housing, and which manifests itself, materializes, and reproduces itself in urban space under different forms of living, for more than a century of similar Housing Policies that are implemented by the Public Authorities. Based on the premise that the housing issue depends on the relationship and articulation of the agents and actors involved and that housing is a complex and multifaceted problem interrelated to structural issues, the thesis addresses the actions of the State (represented by the Federal, State, and Municipal Public Authorities) and of the excluded Social Groups based on the analysis and discussion of the role, interests, initiatives, strategies, and practices of these two agents in the process of providing adequate housing in the city of Vitória/ES/Brazil in the period between the 19th and 21st centuries, with an emphasis on the discussions of the hypotheses formulated in the period between 1979 and 2018, approximately four decades of intense political, social, economic, urban and regulatory transformations, both in the Brazilian scenario and in the capital of Espírito Santo, impacting the production of its informal urban space. To this end, the thesis follows the path of the policies, programs, projects, and works carried out by the State in the scope of social housing, including the manifestations of the excluded social groups about these actions. Based on documentary research and critical theoretical foundations of discussions based on authors from the fields of Geography, Sociology, and Architecture on the role of the State and excluded social groups; the formation of informal territories and urban spoliation; social struggles for land and housing, seen as commodities in Capitalism and the right to property as a hegemonic form of politics, the thesis concluded that how the two agents act impacts the results of housing provision and that the mobilization of demands by excluded social groups influences public initiatives for housing provision, but that neither of the two agents is devoid of interests in actions involving access to housing, land and urban infrastructure. In Vitória/ES, the State's actions prioritized the execution of infrastructure works and the urbanization of precarious settlements to the detriment of the production of residential units, with land legalization being the greatest obstacle to the effectiveness of the programs. On the other hand, excluded social groups have made few demands for housing, with land being the main object of dispute, followed by urban infrastructure works, community facilities, and services. Therefore, in the context of the history of housing in Vitória, what occurred were social mobilizations fighting for land and not for housing, understood in its broad definition. Thus, the housing problem is part of yesterday and today and will continue to be part of tomorrow as long as the land “knot” is not resolved outside the limitations of private property imposed by Capitalism