Análise da viabilidade de uso de materiais orgânicos como meios de filtração de águas residuárias

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Justen, Carlos
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul; Brasil; Campus Cerro Largo; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis; UFFS
• Palavras-chave em Português: Meio ambiente; Filtração; Poluição de rios; Tratamento de água; Poluição ambiental; Poluição da água
• Link de acesso: https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/3238

Problems arising from the lack of treatment or partial treatment of wastewater remain present, polluting rivers, causing disease, restricting the use of surface water. There is an urgent need to consider wastewater treatment as an industry composed of the necessary treatment processes so that it can produce a high quality final effluent, resulting in a gradual improvement of surface and groundwater quality. The present research project, carried out on a pilot scale at Cerro Largo's Fronteira Sul University (UFFS), aimed to investigate the individual efficiency of Luffa cylindrica (sponge), Pinus elliottii pine cone and rice husk and joint evaluation of the same system considering the sponge column + pinecone column composition (Esp+Pi) and, the sponge column + pinecone column composition + rice husk column (Esp+Pi+Ca) in wastewater treatment. The preparation of the materials consisted of manually cutting the sponge into 10 x 10 mm pieces; using a mechanical stirrer - the pinecone, after being crushed, was sieved with sieves from 2.0 to 6.3 mm; the fresh rice husk with sieves of 1.4 to 2.0 mm and the bottom gravel with sieves of 2.8 to 4.75 mm - after the pine cone, the rice husk and the bottom gravel went through a sauce of 48 hours, continuous washing, initial drying in the sun and respectively drying in the oven at 40, 40 and 70 ° C. The parameters turbidity, total suspended solids, total solids, COD and total phosphorus were analyzed. The module consisted of the installation of three columns with downward flow and initial system flow at 1500 ccm and, at the end of 300 ccm (1.5 to 0.3 Liters / minute), in a filter system without air. In the turbidity parameter, out of 56 analyzes - considering efficiencies above 88.0%, 22 occurred in Esp+Pi and 25 in Esp+Pi+Ca. In the total suspended solids parameter, 56 analyzes - considering efficiencies above 88.0%, 19 were observed in Esp+Pi and 26 in Esp+Pi+Ca. In the total solids parameter, 56 analyzes - considering efficiencies above 30.0%, 20 were observed in Esp+Pi and 21 in Esp+Pi+Ca. In the COD, from 48 analyzes, considering efficiencies above 70%, 17 were observed in Esp+Pi and 20 were observed in Esp+Pi+Ca. In the total phosphorus parameter of 56 analyzes, considering efficiencies above 30.0%, 11 were observed in Esp+Pi and 13 in Esp+Pi+Ca. It is suggested to reduce the grain size of the rice husk, to mix it with another filtering material, to treat it or to replace it with a lower porosity and higher filtration capacity. The results of individual and global efficiencies were satisfactory, and it can be concluded that the studied organic materials - with the exception of rice husk for the conditions of this study - are promising, inexpensive and environmentally correct sources for wastewater treatment.