Ganho ambiental dos pagamentos por serviços ambientais em recursos hídricos no Brasil: uma análise de multicritério por meio da Fuzzy logic

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo Choupina Andrade
• Orientador(a): Ribeiro, Francis Lee
• Banca de defesa: Ribeiro, Francis Lee, Teixeira, Denilson, De Marco Júnior, Paulo, Ribeiro, Admilson Írio, Rocha, Maria Elisabeth Teixeira Pereira e
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PRPG)
• Departamento: Pró-Reitoria de Pós-graduação (PRPG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pagamentos por serviços ambientais; Recursos hídricos; Condicionalidade; Ganho ambiental; Fuzzy logic
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Water resources; Conditionality; Environmental additionality; Fuzzy logic; Payments for environmental services
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: SERVICOS URBANOS E REGIONAIS::ASPECTOS FISICO-AMBIENTAIS DO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E REGIONAL
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/10117

Payments for Environmental Services (PES) have emerged in the last decade as an instrument of environmental conservation that provide positive incentives for the management of natural resources. These incentives can compensate those who currently provide an environmental service or encourage those who would otherwise not provide a service. The approach is based on the transfer of positive incentives to environmental service providers who are conditioned on the provision of a service based on the consideration of environmental additionality. However, the use of PSA permeated by other approaches such as social and economic. In this sense, the term PSA ended up being used as umbrella for any and all environmental preservation. In this research, we tried to evaluate the development of the object of study in the last decades and to develop an applied model to measure the environmental gains with implementation of the PSA. First we start with a discussion of different definitions of PES, both narrowly and broadly, permeating the terms of voluntary, conditionality and environmental additionality. We continue with a systematic PSA review of water resources with the largest number of PSA projects in the world. Next, we discuss a tool to measure environmental additionality through Fuzzy logic. In the last part, we applied the Fuzzy logic model to test the environmental additionality in two projects of conservation in water resources in Brazil. The research data suggest: i) conditionality of supply of environmental services occurs due to changes in agricultural practices; ii) environmental gains (additionality) are rarely measured and when the focus is on changing conservation practices with bias in environmental resources; iii) the model to measure environmental additionality in PSA-Water by means of Fuzzy logic proved to be satisfactory; and iv) the implementation of PES in the maintenance of environmental services remained stable in the offer of natural resources. In places where the implementation of PSA occurred as the objective of environmental restoration there was environmental additionality.