Padrões e processos na organização de assembleias de aves insulares

• Ano de defesa: 2017
• Autor(a) principal: Sobral, Fernando Landa
• Orientador(a): Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius
• Banca de defesa: Cianciaruso, Marcus Vinicius, Diaz, Margarita Patricia Florencio, Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola, Bini, Luis Mauricio, Hartz, Sandra Maria
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB)
• Departamento: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Colonização de espécies; Diversidade filogenetica; Diversidade funcional; Extinção e introdução de espécies; Falsa compensação; False compensation; Functional diversity; Phylogenetic diversity; Species colonization; Species extinction and introduction
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8694

The diversity of species naturally inhabiting an insular location is ultimately snapeO Uy tne combined processes of colonization, speciation and extinction, and firstly by the set of environmental, ecological, historical and evolutionary factors that determine the interchange of these processes. However, the diversity of species currently inhabiting many islands around the globe is also shaped by the introduction process. Using the functional traits and phylogenetic relationships of bird species, we investigated how different natural and anthropogenic mechanisms have shaped the species diversity on different continental and oceanic islands distributed around the globe. In the first chapter, rve investigated whether the species introduction compensates for the ecological and evolutionary information lost following the species extinction. In general, we found that introduced species have ecological roles and evolutionary histories different from extinct species. This means that introductions truly do not compensate for extinctions. In the second chapter, we investigated whether biogeographic, environmental and anthropogenic factors can explain the proportion of introduced bird species across different islands, and what the impact of these introductions on the functional and phylogenetic diversity of assemblages. We found that the proportion of introduced bird species is negatively mediated by the native species richness, and positively by the human population size found across the islands. In addition, we found that the ecological selectivity observed in introductions of bird species has decreased the mean functional diversity, but not the mean phylogenetic diversity, among species occurring across the insular assemblages. This shows that ecological patterns do not always reflect evolutionary patterns observed among species. Finally, in the third chapter we accessed the functional distance among visitor bird species and resident bird species to investigate the colonization success of insulai locations. We found that when species occur as visitors across the islands, they show a higher functional distance to the nearest resident species than when they occur as residents. This indicites that the failure in the colonization process of insular locations increases with the functional distance to the nearest resident species, which corroborates the pre-adaptation to the environment hypothesis.