Melhoramento genético do feijão-comum assistido por marcadores moleculares: identificação, caracterização, mapeamento e piramidação de alelos de resistência a doenças

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Messias, Lucas Matias Gomes
• Orientador(a): Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de
• Banca de defesa: Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira de, Oliveira, Bruna Mendes de, Melo, Leonardo Cunha, Pereira, Helton Santos, Vianello, Rosana Pereira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas (EA)
• Departamento: Escola de Agronomia - EA (RMG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; Pseudocercospora griseola; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli melhoramento molecular; Seleção precoce
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; Pseudocercospora griseola; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli molecular breeding; Early selection
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/12786

The common bean's yield and commercial grain quality are constantly challenged by more than 45 diseases and post-harvest biochemical changes like grain darkening. The productivity, nutritional quality, and minor post-harvest changes (slow darkening) are of great importance for the acceptance of the product in the market. The aims of this study were: 1) mapping the genomic region associated with anthracnose resistance from a population (BRSMG Realce x BRS FC104) with 161 F2 plants that were phenotyped for reaction to race 475 of the fungi Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and genotyped with SNPs markers using the DArTseq technology; 2) Validation of SNPs markers previously identified as linked to anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistance alleles using a set with 376 genotypes, including elite lines, cultivars, and common bean landraces; 3) Establish an allele pyramiding program by marker-assisted selection for anthracnose, angular leaf spot, and fusarium wilt in common bean of carioca type with slow darkening of grains. The results shown that anthracnose resistance in BRSMG Realce is controlled by a single locus (R2=54,6%) with complete dominance, provisionally designated as CoPv04R, and mapped in a genomic region with 704,867 bp comprising 44 putative genes related to the pathogen-host interaction. The SNPs markers snp12782 (1,182,123 bp), snp3308 (505,696 bp) and snp1327 (477,285 bp) were indicated to monitor the CoPv04R allele introgression with a selection efficiency of 99,0%. Based on these results and the usefulness of CoPv04R for breeding purposes, it is proposed that the locus be officially nominated in accordance with the rules established by the Bean Improvement Cooperative Genetics Committee. Regarding the validation of markers previously identified as associated with bean diseases, of the nine evaluated SNPs, seven showed the potential to be incorporated into the assisted selection routine along with Embrapa's common bean breeding programs (snpPV0025-Phg-2; snpPV0027-Phg-5; snpPV0046-Co-u; snpPV0068-Co-42; snpPV0070-Co-42; snpP8282v3-817-Co-42; snpPV0079-Phg-5). The SNP markers snpPV0025 and snpPV0079 are indicated to monitor the Phg-2 and Phg-5 allele introgression, respectively. The genotyped system based on TaqMan™ assay in qPCR for the SNP markers snpPV0070, snpP8282v3-817, and snpPV0025 were specific for target-alleles Co-42, Co-42, and Phg-2, respectively. The markers snpPV0070, and snpP8282v3-817 show a selection efficiency of 99,0%. The target-allele pyramiding assisted by SNP markers snpP8282v3-817, and ANAAJK6 allowed the early selection of nine progenies combining the alleles Co-42 and FOP2.3403H in homozygosis, respectively. The selection with the marker PvbHLHp12804 (sdsd) was 100% coincident with the grains' slow-darkening phenotype after 140 storage days. Our results showed that the identification and validation of molecular markers identified as associated with target alleles for traits of agronomic importance in the common bean is essential to guide the choice of superior genotypes and improve selection efficiency, attributing speed to the genetic improvement program.