Influência das variáveis ambientais na qualidade das águas do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica da Ferreira Gomes - Amapá

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Belém, Fabiano Luís
• Orientador(a): Cabral, João Batista Pereira
• Banca de defesa: Cabral, João Batista Pereira, Oliveira, Ivanilton José de, Rocha, Hudson Moraes, Bueno, Guilherme Taitson, Braga, Celso Carvalho
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Goiás
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia (IESA)
• Departamento: Instituto de Estudos Socioambientais - IESA (RG)
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Reservatório; Qualidade da água; Componentes opticamente ativos; Bacia hidrográfica
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Reservoir; Water quality; Optically active components; Watershed
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9862

The analytical approach to water quality is necessary not only for environmental studies but also for economic studies, since the development of the state of Amapá and the municipality of Ferreira Gomes, the region selected for this study, depends directly on this natural resource. However, it is noted that in the central region of the state, the problem of water quality increases due to the large amount of organic matter concentration in areas that are flooded and flooded during the construction of reservoirs, which causes vast amounts of concentration of carbon in the environment generate processes of water degradation. In addition, this problem is aggravated by the change in water quality in the reservoirs of the Araguari River, located downstream of the Ferreira Gomes Energia reservoir dam. Thus, the motivation of this work stems from this situation, which requires a continuous monitoring of the biota, so that there is no great damage to the environment and, consequently, to the quality of the water. Therefore, for the study of the direct contribution basin present in the reservoir, it is necessary to survey the various physical factors that may influence the water quality in the reservoir of the Ferreira Gomes HPP. From this, it was necessary to present the model of environmental vulnerability that presents the areas that are most likely if there are erosive processes. This work, therefore, had the objective of studying and analyzing the variables that influence the water quality of the aforementioned reservoir. To do so, the following methodology was adopted: (1) the delimitation of the study area and the mapping of this field work area to obtain a survey of its physical factors; (2) the construction of models of the entire catchment basin; and (3) the collection of water at various points in the reservoir, both for physical and chemical analysis in the laboratory, and for the analysis of the spectral behavior of each point, by means of the portable spectroradiometer. Thus, it was identified that 35% of the ombrophilous forest area was flooded with the reservoir construction. In addition, environmental vulnerability studies have shown that 15% of the direct contribution basin area is more likely to have erosive processes. Finally, in relation to water quality, the physico-chemical parameters classify the water body as class 1 according to CONAMA resolution 357 of 2005, due to the large amount of organic matter concentration in the water and the decomposition of the biomass that was flooded with the construction of the reservoir; the water has a dark coloration and contains a low concentration of suspended sediments, which presents a low correlation of the reflectance with the evaluated optically active components.