Comunidades de fungos em solo do Cerrado sob vegetação nativa e sob cultivo de soja e algodão

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Vívian Gonçalves
• Orientador(a): Pfenning, Ludwig Heinrich
• Banca de defesa: Batista, Luis Roberto, Dias, Eustáquio Souza, Pereira, Olinto Liparini
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: DBI - Programa de Pós-graduação
• País: BRASIL
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ascomicetos; Soja; Algodão; Ascomycetes; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ_NÃO_INFORMADO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufla.br/handle/1/2854

The Brazilian savannah "Cerrado" is one of richest biomes in plant and animal species in Brazil. However, large part of its natural vegetation is in a process of replacement by monoculture by intensive agricultural activities, threatening its biodiversity. The objective in the present study was to assess the influence of cotton and soybean monoculture on the community of soilfungi in the Cerrado. Eight compound soil samples were collected in each cultivated area and under native vegetation of Cerrado in the locality of Montividiu, Goiás, and processed by the soil washing technique, followed by particle filtration. Baiting with vegetal tissue was carried out for the isolation of zoosporic fungi and for the genus Cylindrocladium. From the 24 soil samples collected, 109 fungal species belonging to 42 genera were detected. The most abundant fungi were Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani, which represent, respectively, antagonistic species to other fungi and a plant pathogen. The correspondence multivariate analysis evidenced that the soils from the three studied areas showed specific predominant species. Penicillium and Absidia species were recovered as the most abundant from soil under Cerrado. The cultivated soils showed higher similarity of species and higher number of plant pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum and antagonists, such as Trichoderma. The species richest area was the soil under cotton cropping. In the Cerrado soil and the soil under soybean cultivation a similar number of species was found. As to the physical-chemical factors, the cultivated soils presented significantly equal values for the majority of the variables analyzed, which were different from the Cerrado soil. The soybean and cotton monoculture in the Cerrado led to qualitative modifications in the soil fungal communities. The high number of fungal species found in cultivated areas, comparable to the area of natural vegetation, indicates that the management adopted in the agricultural systems in the region contributes positively for the maintenance of the fungal biodiversity of the soil in the agricultural areas of the Cerrado.