Recursos florais como estratégia para o aumento da artropodofauna em cultivo de hortaliças

• Ano de defesa: 2015
• Autor(a) principal: Paiva, Iris Guedes
• Orientador(a): Silveira, Luís Cláudio Paterno da
• Banca de defesa: Resende, André Luis Santos, Auad, Alexander Machado
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: DEN - Departamento de Entomologia
• País: BRASIL
• Palavras-chave em Português: Controle biológico conservativo; Conservative biological control; Inimigo natural; Planta atrativa; Attractive plant
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ_NÃO_INFORMADO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufla.br/handle/1/9683

Plant diversification is one of the most efficient strategies for the conservation of natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems, and plants that offer floral resources have been tested for crop diversification aiming to regulate pest incidence. This work had the objective of studying the effects of floral resources offered by Tephrosia sinapou and validating the strategic use of Tagetes erecta within an area of intense production of vegetables. Two experiments were conducted in the intensive vegetable production module at the Fazendinha Agroecologica Km 47, located in the municipality of Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. In the first experiment, we used T. sinapou plants, planted in line as border vegetation of a vegetable production area, in which 25 meters were in the pod stage and the other 25 meters were in the flowering stage, thus forming two treatments. Moericke traps for the passive collection of flying insects were installed at the first four lettuce beds, alongside each treatment, and just below the T. sinapou, installed 15 cm above the soil in the lettuce and 40 cm above the soil in the T. sinapou. In the second experiment, 1 m2 "spots" containing 15 T. erecta plants were distributed within the vegetable production system, with Moericke traps placed 15 cm above the soil at the center of the "spots" and at an average distance of five meters. The data regarding insect fauna were submitted to faunal analysis and statistically compared by GLM models. In the experiment with T. sinapou, the H' diversity did not differ between treatments. Considering abundance, phytophagous, omnivores, pollinators and predators were more abundant and rich at the flowering treatment, when separated by functional strategy. Comparing the different distances from the edge of each treatment, we observed significant difference for H´ diversity at all distances. In the experiment with T. erecta, the treatments showed no significant difference in diversity. Regarding the abundance and according to each functional strategy, we observed that predators, parasitoids, omnivores and detritivores, were more abundant in the treatment with flowering. When comparing the relative abundance, we observed that parasitoids and omnivores were more abundant in the treatment with T. erecta, while phytophagous insects presented higher relative abundance in the treatment with no flowering. The use of Tefrosia sinapou and Tagetes erecta as floral resources has potential for the conservative biological control, given that they are capable of attracting and retaining natural enemies.