Micropropagação da bananeira: características fitotécnicas, fisiológicas e anatômicas

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Frederico Henrique da Silva
• Orientador(a): Pasqual, Moacir
• Banca de defesa: Dutra, Leonardo Ferreira, Castro, Evaristo Mauro de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: DAG - Departamento de Agricultura
• País: BRASIL
• Palavras-chave em Português: Musa spp.; Cultura de tecidos vegetais; Aclimatação; Anatomia; Fisiologia; Tissue culture; Acclimatization; Anatomy; Physiology
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ_NÃO_INFORMADO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufla.br/handle/1/4305

The cultivation of shoot tips and meristems through in vitro technical constitutes the basis of clonal propagation of bananas and plantain. This work aimed to study the agronomical development, physiologic and anatomical behavior of banana plants micropropagated. Four experiments were carried out which evaluated: 1) the influence of the time of rooting; 2) the atmosphere of cultivation, concentrations of sucrose and cultivars; 3) physiological and anatomical differences under different conditions of in vitro cultivation and 4) anatomical alterations of the leaves and existence of vascular connection of roots in different stages of the micropropagation process. The propagative material used was axillarys shoots of bananas from in vitro multiplication process. The basic culture medium used was the MS whitin BA at 5 mg.L-1 for the multiplication phase and NAA or IBA at 1 mg.L-1 for rooting. It was verified that the root induction occurred after 14 days of shoots cultivation and the roots grown just in length after this period. Among cultivars, 'Caipira' was the one that presented best results of growing (plant height, number and length of roots and dry mass) when compared with Preciosa and Japira cultivars, except for diameter of the pseudostem. After 21 days in rooting medium, the plant survival reached 100%. The in vitro rhizogenesis in conditions of natural light and with 30 g.L-1 of sucrose, provides satisfactory results for Caipira and Pacovan cultivars, with 100% of plant survival, contributing to the reduction in the costs and in the losses in acclimatization. Increase in the occurrence of photooxidative process of the a chlorophyll pigment, thickness of the chlorophyllian parenchyma, stomatal density on abaxial surface of the epidermis, relative water content and survival of micropropagated plants of Caipira cultivar, is obtained when the rooting in vitro is take under conditions of natural light. The acclimatization of micropropagated banana plants, cultivar Japira, it was obtained from 63 days at greenhouse. Vascular connection between roots and aerial parts is observed in both in vitro and acclimatized plants.