Microencapsulação de leveduras com atributos probióticos e sua aplicação no tratamento da disbiose induzida por vancomicina

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Resende, Iara Ferreira
• Outros Autores: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-7711
• Orientador(a): Schwan, Rosane Freitas
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Lavras; Instituto de Ciências Naturais (ICN)
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola
• Departamento: Departamento de Biologia
• País: brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Levedura; Probióticos; Microencapsulação; Microbiota intestinal; Antibióticos; Vancomicina; Disbiose; Yeast; Probiotics; Microencapsulation; Intestinal microbiota; Antibiotics; Dysbiosis; Vancomycin
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Ciências Biológicas
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufla.br/handle/1/60326

This study aimed to develop a microencapsulation protocol for yeasts with probiotic attributes, to improve their viability and passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and subsequently test the product in the treatment of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in BALB/c mice. The study was divided into two stages. The first stage aimed to select the cell wall material and conditions for the microencapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CCMA 0732) and Pichia kluyveri (CCMA 0615). The yeasts (108 CFU/mL) were microencapsulated separately by spray drying using whey powder (WP - 15%, 20%, and 30%) and sodium alginate (ALG - 1%). The microcapsules and cell viability were characterized during two months of storage (4 °C and 25 °C). The selected formulations were applied to the fermentation of a probiotic functional beverage, and their survival and viability were evaluated in the simulated GIT. The results showed that the viability of spray-dried microencapsulated yeasts depends on the species and encapsulating matrix used. Furthermore, it was shown that P. kluyveri with 15% WP + 1% ALG maintained high viability under simulated GIT conditions: exposed independently (>84%) or incorporated into a food matrix (>94%). Yeast microencapsulation has proven to be a technological tool that enhances their viability, improves biotechnological applications, and facilitates the efficient delivery of probiotics to the host. The second stage of the study consisted of in vivo testing a model of vancomycin-induced dysbiosis. Based on the results of the first study, microencapsulated P. kluyveri yeast with 15% WP was selected for application in vivo model. A total of 32 male Balb/c mice were divided into three experimental groups: Control (CG), Dysbiosis (DG), and Yeast-Treated Dysbiosis (YG). The DG and YG groups underwent dysbiosis induction with 100 μL vancomycin (10 mg/mL) for 14 days by gavage, while the CG received saline. Subsequently, the YG group received microencapsulated yeast at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL diluted in saline by gavage, while the other groups received saline alone. In general, antibiotic treatment triggered a series of deleterious manifestations characteristic of dysbiosis, such as increased Enterobacteriaceae population in feces, increased white blood cell and total lymphocyte counts, and spleen weight, damage to the intestinal epithelium with reduced villi size, and increased inflammatory infiltrate and goblet cells. Treatment with yeast after antibiotic use was successful in attenuating the disease, restoring most of the evaluated parameters to levels similar to the control. Specifically, regarding microbiome data, it was observed that vancomycin decreased the abundance of groups such as Bacillota and favored Verrucomicrobiota and Patescibacteria, with a greater abundance of potentially pathogenic genera such as Agathobaculum and Lachnoclostridium. The use of P. kluyveri CCMA 0615 specifically favored the Verrucomicrobiota phylum, mainly the genera Akkermansia, Blautia, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii, microbial groups recognized as beneficial. In conclusion, the findings suggest that microencapsulated P. kluyveri CCMA 0615 may be a promising probiotic candidate for mitigating antibiotic-induced intestinal disorders and promoting intestinal health.