OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CATALISADORES SÓLIDOS DE NIÓBIO MODIFICADOS COM METAIS ALCALINOS TERROSOS PARA REAÇÕES DE TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO E ESTERIFICAÇÃO

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Santos Neto, Inocêncio Sanches dos
• Orientador(a): MACIEL, Adeilton Pereira
• Banca de defesa: Nunes, Gilvanda Silva
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Maranhão
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM QUÍMICA/CCET
• Departamento: QUIMICA
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Catalisador heterogêneo; Transesterificação; Esterificação; Biodiesel
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Heterogeneous catalyst; Transesterification; Esterification; Biodiesel
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA
• Link de acesso: http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/966

Biodiesel is obtained mainly by homogeneous catalysis, however this process has disadvantages as saponification of the esters and difficulty of separation of the catalyst from the products formed. In this work, ceramic catalysts were prepared from the surface modification of niobia with alkaline earth metals (Ba and Ca) and transition metals (Ni and Cu) in order to improve the catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction of beef tallow and esterification of oleic acid. The catalysts were obtained by the polymeric precursor method (PPM). Therefore, such systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy in the Fourier transform (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of gas adsorption. The XRD results suggest that the niobium surface modification, but with secondary phases. Raman spectra of the catalysts exhibit vibrational modes near 701 cmˉ¹ corresponding to phase T-Nb₂O₅. The bands between 311 cmˉ¹ and 230 cmˉ¹, corresponding to vibrational modes of the bonds O-Nb-O, Nb-O-Nb. FTIR spectra showed vibrational modes in the region between 500 - 850 cmˉ¹ which may be associated with a NbO₆ octahedra, vibrations in modes 635 cmˉ¹, 560 cmˉ¹ and 500 cmˉ¹ are associated Nb-O bonds in Nb-O6 octahedra distorted. A cursory analysis shows that the catalysts are non-porous materials. The catalysts of niobium modified barium and copper, calcium and copper, barium and calcium, and nickel and nickel exhibited catalytic activity for transesterification of beef tallow and oleic acid esterification. The catalysts modified with 5% barium and copper, showed better conversion to oleic acid esterification and transesterification beef with 71% to 95%, respectively. Thus, these catalysts were effective for the transesterification of beef tallow and oleic acid esterification.