Efeitos da associação da ventosaterapia à acupuntura auricular sobre a dor crônica nas costas: ensaio clínico randomizado

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Caroline de Castro Moura
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Acupuntura Auricular; Terapias Complementares; Manejo da Dor; Dor Crônica; Dor nas Costas; Enfermagem; Ensaio Clínico Controlado Aleatório; Acupuntura auricular; Ventosaterapia; Dor crônica; Dor nas costas
• Link de acesso: https://hdl.handle.net/1843/31108

Chronic back pain generates physical, functional, emotional and socioeconomic changes. Due to the high prevalence of this condition, nurses have an important role in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients, as they provide care to patients with chronic back pain at all levels of care. The Nursing Interventions Classification recommends the use of non-pharmacological techniques to solve the Nursing Diagnosis of ‘Chronic pain’. These techniques include auricular acupuncture and cupping therapy. Auricular acupuncture is based on the stimulation of acupoints in the ear to relieve signs and symptoms of various diseases, including pain. Cupping therapy, in turn, involves the application of cups to an acupoint or pain area using heat or vacuum apparatus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combination of cupping therapy with ear acupuncture on the severity of chronic back pain in relation to the isolated application of ear acupuncture. This is a randomized clinical trial conducted between November 2017 and December 2018, based on recommendations from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture, and the Initiative on Methods, Measurement and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials. The final sample consisted of 183 participants aged 18 to 70 years with chronic spinal pain lasting at least three months, self-reported pain ≥ four on a scale of 0-10 over the past seven days, and preserved cognitive function. After the initial evaluation, participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Control (n=94), which received only auricular acupuncture; and Experimental (n=89), which underwent auricular acupuncture in addition to cupping therapy. Both groups received five sessions of interventions once a week. Participants were evaluated three times: before any intervention (initial assessment); after the last session of the interventions (final evaluation), and seven days after the second evaluation (follow-up). In each evaluation, we used the following data collection tools: an instrument to collect demographic information from the participant; the Brief Pain Inventory; the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref; and a digital algometer to assess the nociceptive threshold. Statistical analysis included Generalized Estimation Equations. The results showed that the combination of auricular acupuncture and cupping therapy provided better results in reducing pain severity (p = 0,015 at final evaluation) and physical disability (p= 0,050 na avaliação final e p = 0,010 at follow up), and improving the overall perception of the quality of life (p=0,014 at follow up) and health satisfaction (p=0,050 at final evaluation) when compared to auricular acupuncture by itself. Additionally, both groups achieved statistically significant improvements throughout treatment in all investigated variables. The effects achieved at the end of treatment lasted for one week after the end of the sessions, for the exception of effects in the domain of social relations in the experimental group, and effects on the general perception of quality of life and psychological and social relations domains in the control group. It is noted that the effectiveness of auricular acupuncture and cupping therapy for the treatment of chronic back pain is increased when these interventions are performed concomitantly. Therefore, the evidence found in this study supports the implementation of these therapies as a nursing intervention in the treatment of chronic back pain.