Compreendendo os traumatismos dentários em pacientes com deficiências do desenvolvimento: um enfoque da saúde pública

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Xana Carolina de Pereira e Souza
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
• Palavras-chave em Português: Paralisia cerebral; Deficiências do desenvolvimento; Disfunção cognitiva; Saúde bucal; Traumatismos dentários
• Link de acesso: https://hdl.handle.net/1843/ODON-AYVPVD

Understanding dental traumatisms in patients with developmental disabilities: a public health approach Dental trauma is a very prevalent problem related to oral health, being very common in children and adolescents. Fractures, displacements and losses of the anterior tooth are consequences of traumatic injuries and can cause functional, aesthetic, psychological, social and speech losses in children and adults. Due to the high prevalence, economic impact and negative influence on quality of life, it is currently considered an important public health problem. In individuals with developmental disabilities, this condition is more worrying and worthy of attention, since the cognitive deficit that these individuals usually have hinders or hinders the necessary dental care. The issue is discussed in both patients without disabilities and those with developmental disabilities. However, for the latter, there is a lack of studies that make inferences of cause and effect and identify risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for dental trauma in individuals attending a dental service of reference for patients with special needs in Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil. A retrospective cohort study was carried out from January 1998 to March 2017, based on the analysis of dental records. There were analyzed charts of individuals with or without traumatic lesions at the first dental visit. Of the universe of 628 dental records, those who registered more than one dental appointment, totaling 493 dental records, were included. The dependent variable was the time of occurrence of a new dental traumatism (measured in months). The independent variables were: gender, age, international code of diseases, maternal education, mouth breathing, hyperkinesis, pacifier use, thumb sucking, psychotropic drug use, tooth injuries at the first dental examination, involuntary movements, open bite, having one or more siblings and reports of seizures. A COX regression model was used to estimate gross, adjusted risk and confidence interval (95% CI). This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, under protocol ETIC 219/03. The results showed that the majority of individuals (40.07%) had quadriplegic spastic cerebral palsy. The prevalence and incidence of dental trauma were, respectively, 12.41% and 11.88%. The mean time individuals remained free of new traumatic injuries was 170.78 months (157.89 - 183.66, 95% CI) and the median was 216 months. The only covariant statistically associated with trauma was the presence of previous trauma at the first dental visit, which increased 3.59 times the risk of new dental trauma (1.94 - 6.65, 95% CI). Based on this study, the history of prior dental trauma was a risk factor for the occurrence of a new trauma in individuals with developmental disabilities. Parallel to this study, this dissertation presents a chapter for e-book dealing with dental trauma care protocol in both permanent and deciduous teeth.