Uso e cobertura da terra e sua influência nas paisagens da área de proteção ambiental estadual de Tambaba, Paraíba, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Cavalcante, Márcio Balbino
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Geografia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Planejamento ambiental; Unidades de conservação; Paisagem - Caracterização; Uso da terra; Geotecnologias; Conservation unit; Landscape; Land use; Geotechnologies; Environmental planning; Unidad de conservación; Paisaje; Uso de la Tierra; Geotecnologías; Planificación Ambiental; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/34284

Coastal landscapes have, over time, undergone changes resulting from intense human occupation. Protected Areas, including Conservation Units (UCs), emerge worldwide as the main environmental planning and management strategies from the nature conservation perspective. The Tambaba State Environmental Protection Area was established, a unit for the sustainable use of natural resources, as a study area, located on the south coast of the State of Paraíba. The Tambaba APA is constituted of remnants of the Atlantic Forest and geological-geomorphological elements of the Paraíba Sedimentary Basin. Currently, the UC has been undergoing pressure from anthropogenic activities, such as the planting of monocultures, mining, and real estate speculation, including housing in Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs). Such activities are developed without updated physical territorial planning studies, such as the Management Plan and Environmental Zoning. Given this problem, the general objective of this research is to identify and characterize the landscape units and environmentally vulnerable areas of the State Environmental Protection Area of Tambaba, Paraíba, to subsidize future territorial planning policies and environmental planning actions. The theoretical-methodological contribution of the research was Landscape Cartography, based on bibliographical research, fieldwork and cartographic surveys using Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing techniques. The methodological procedures were developed in six stages: 1°) Treatment of the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) of the Alos Palsar satellite and extraction of relief variables; 2°) Algebra of information planes maps: hypsometry, declivity and vertical curvature of the slopes, in which the resulting cartographic product was the Relief Model, 4° taxon (IBGE, 2009); 3°) Geomorphological mapping carried out at a scale of 1:25,000, providing the identification of the seven relief classes; 4°) Land Use and Land Coverage Map, in which the classes were defined, according to IBGE (2013) and adapted according to data collected in the field; 5°) Landscape Units Map, prepared by overlapping the Geomorphological and Land Use and Land Cover maps, resulting in the identification of 16 landscape units; and 6°) Environmental Vulnerability Map, obtained by combining the variables: geology, pedology, relief forms, slope, land use and land cover. With the research results, it was verified that the Tambaba APA presents a very diverse landscape, with different landscape units that relate to each other and influence the diversity of land uses, which can be explained by the attractiveness of the natural characteristics of this region. However, it is emphasized that the expansion of human activities can lead to habitat fragmentation and a reduction of local biodiversity. The elaboration of the cartographic products of this thesis serves as a subsidy for environmental planning. At the same time, it enables a clearer visualization of the spatial dynamics of the elements that compose the landscape by identifying areas with greater environmental vulnerability, constituting important sources to subsidize management strategies, and allowing analysis on a local and regional scale. It can, therefore, be stated that it contributes to understanding the processes and interactions that occur in the landscape at different levels of organization. It is concluded that the use of these tools allowed for obtaining more accurate and updated information on the dynamics of the landscapes of the Tambaba APA. They can be used in an integrated manner with other surveys to guarantee the effectiveness of the UC's physical territorial planning policies.