A tradição Marxista e o problema da reificação: um exame crítico

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Gleidimar Alves de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Filosofia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mercadoria; Fetichismo; Alienação; Reificação; Racionalização; Commodity; Fetishism; Alienation; Reification; Rationalization; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14989

The present study investigates the reification of social relations - objectification - in the Marxist tradition, with a focus on the actuality of this phenomenon. In order to achieve this objective, three chapters have been constructed: The first chapter addresses the permanence (or not) of the current objectification and the circumstances in which it appears; the second chapter had as purpose to think the validity of the reification’s concept from the dialogue with Georg Lukács to whom the reification is interpreted as that emphasizing the bond with the Weberian rationalization in opposition to the Marxian foundation of the reification that recognizes it in the abstract work and the universalization of the commodities; in the third chapter, the emphasis is on the alienation, the reification and the fetishism of the commodity, in order to validate the interaction between these three Marxian categories, as regards the conditions for the emergence of social reification. At the same time, the intersection and particularity of these same three chapters are verified. Thus the hypothesis we announce is that the Marxian reification is a distinct category of Marxian alienation and fetishism. Its difference from alienation and fetishism is based on the fact that reification is a specific problem of contemporary capitalist societies of the stage of industrial and financial capitalism, as well as by referring directly to the relationship between things and persons; however, alienation is a category that, despite expressing a subjective condition of the individuals, has as its peculiarity a phenomenon prior to capitalist societies, although it is present in the latter, being associated with the social division of labor and appearing in history in pre- capitalists. In Marx, alienation is evidenced mainly in early works (when the philosopher was influenced by the Hegelian theory of alienation), as in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and the German Ideology of 1846. As for fetishism, it differs from reification above all by referring specifically to the commodity and its effects in individuals, considering that commodity in the universal form is a particularity of the modern capitalist economy, similar to reification. Thus, the research seeks to answer a question: if the reification of social relations, as a specific phenomenon of capitalist society, is identified with the fetishism of the commodity and with alienation.