Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Wécio Pinheiro
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Filosofia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ideologia; Capital; Razão; Ideia; Virtualidade real; Ideology; Reason; Real virtuality; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14853

This thesis offers a critical access to the problem of ideology situated within the relation between reality and consciousness in modern society. We elaborate the question from the Hegelian ontology updated by the Marxian critique, that is, as a totality formed from mediations triggered by means of the fundamental contradiction that we design as a distension formed by ruptures and continuities between: on the one hand, the content of the relations that is, the concrete reality of capital as a social reason immanent to modern society, deciphered in social forms such as value, commodity, financial capital, fictitious capital, etc .; and on the other, the form that acquires consciousness the way these relations are experienced by the individuals in this society under the mediation of the ideology form. We situate the detours provoked by this determining contradiction in the global field of the interaction between reality and consciousness as a contradiction always in process. Contradiction between content and form, which unfolds in a series of determinations, thus forming a totality constituted from how these phenomena establish mediations interacting with each other in the conformation of a complex web that we are accustomed to define as society. Thinking like this requires that reality is not conceived as an external thing; but, on the contrary, ontologically as an externalization and extension of the human being understood as a social being (gesellschaftliche Wesen). We theorize that the human being is a producer not only of values of use, but of reality, which materializes through the same processes from and through which is produced, that is: work and language as a unit in its reason social identity that manifests objectively in history between content and form. In our analysis, we demonstrate how Marx inherits from Hegel the key to the question: what we produce as reality must be understood in terms of its conditions of production both subjective and objective. In our argument, through the concept of real virtuality, a deep connection is found between the problem of ideology reworked from an ontologicaldialectical access rescued in Hegel, and the problem of the form of value (Wertform) in Marx, since the commodity form (Warenform) to the reason immanent to fictitious capital (fiktives Kapital) in this twenty-first century. Ideology shows itself as an astute social form that acquires the idea in the way individuals experience the immanent reason to the real produced as a content of social relations historically established under capitalist domination. We conclude that ideology operates by "harmonizing" contradictions as it produces a social "truth" that covers its own falsity. This complexity is what we call real virtuality: ideology does not distort the real, but it sneaks reality into its production process as an immanent progression based on the profound movement of that society in the interaction between reality and consciousness, from the process of working through by language, even as it is subsumed and becomes only a moment of the development of capital. Finally, we present two moments of analysis in order to produce some diagnoses about contemporary political reality: i) The first analyzes the mediations between ideology, capital and state in the Brazilian historical block initiated with the Real Plan; ii) The second analyzes the current context of ideology and capital in the digital era of automation of work and the robotization of political subjectivity.