Utilização de palma forrageira [Nopalea cochenillifera (Salm Dyck)] como fonte exclusiva de forragem na dieta de ovinos

• Ano de defesa: 2021
• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Kleitiane Balduino da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Brasil; Zootecnia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia; UFPB
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cactos; Carcaça; Cordeiros; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21105

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, productive performance, ruminal parameters, nitrogen balance, carcass characteristics and economic analysis of feedlot lambs. Twenty-eight uncastrated lambs without defined racial pattern (SRD) with average initial weight of approximately 22.6 kg ± 2.37 were used. The experiment lasted 62 days, 10 days being used as a period of adaptation to diets and installations, followed by 52 days of evaluation. After this period the animals were slaughtered and subsequently collected biological samples of intestine (duodenum), rumen (left dorsal sac base) for morphometric analysis, then weighing was performed to determine the quantitative characteristics of carcasses. The animals were submitted to a randomized design with four treatments and seven replications. The treatments consisted of a standard diet containing buffel grass hay, concentrate supplement and forage palm (control) and three diets containing as a source of forage palm and different concentrations of wheat bran (30%, 37% and 44% of bran, wheat based on dry matter). The height and width of the rumen papillae were larger and the muscle layer was smaller in lambs fed diets containing 37% and 44% FT compared to those fed control diets. In the intestine, the crypt depth was smaller in the animals that consumed the diets with TF. All TF levels resulted in lower nitrogen intake and nitrogen balance. Microbial protein concentration, microbial protein efficiency, microbial nitrogen, urea and glucose were not significantly affected.The inclusion of wheat bran affected the consumption of dry matter (CMS), crude protein (CPB), organic matter (CMO), neutral detergent fiber (CFDN) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (CNF), except for ethereal extract (EE). The digestibility were influenced by the inclusion of the wheat bran, only the digestibility of the EE and CNF, were not compromised. The animals consuming spineless cactus as an exclusive source of roughage had less dry matter intake, GMD and total weight gain than the animals consuming the control diet (P <0.05). However, all diets provided GMD greater than 200g. The final weights of the animals consuming 30 and 44% of wheat bran were similar to the animals consuming the control diet. The inclusion of wheat bran reduced feed costs and increased the profits. From carcass characteristics, slaughter live weight, hot and cold carcass yield showed control contrast (0%) versus wheat bran levels up to 37% (P <0.05). The rib and loin commercial cuts were the only ones to present significant difference (P <0.05) resulting in contrast, control treatment (0%) versus 44% of FT, higher weights for the control diet animals, regarding the yields of these. Only the palette and rib cuts were influenced, since the weights of the non-carcass constituents only the full digestive tract was influenced by the different diets. Feeding lambs with diets containing wheat bran levels, palm being the only bulky source, does not negatively affect its ruminal, blood, urinary fermentation characteristics; ammoniacal nitrogen concentration; pH; microbial protein and ruminal and intestinal histomorphometric characteristics. However, productive performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen balance are impaired. The use of forage palm diets as an exclusive source of roughage and wheat bran as a fiber source can be used up to 44% FT level in confined sheep feed providing positive economic results.