Avaliação das emissões acústicas antropogênicas no centro da cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2020
• Autor(a) principal: Griep, Rafael Priebe
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Centro de Engenharias; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais; UFPel; Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Ciências ambientais; Poluição sonora; Ruído urbano; Mapa de ruído; Percepção ao ruído; Noise pollution; Urban noise; Noise map; Noise perception; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E REGIONAL::SERVICOS URBANOS E REGIONAIS::ASPECTOS FISICO-AMBIENTAIS DO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E REGIONAL
• Link de acesso: http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/prefix/7539

In view of the disorderly growth of cities, linked to the increase in demographic density, noise sources appear capable of generating negative environmental impact and significant damage to the population. Considered one of the main sources of pollution on the planet in urban agglomerations, it is essential to identify sound pressure levels, as well as the impact on people's lives. In view of the lack of studies on anthropogenic acoustic noise in the city of Pelotas/RS/Brazil, the need to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the locations with probable environmental impact caused by the incidence of noise pollution in the central area of the city became evident. Sound pressure levels were measured with an integrating sound meter, obtaining the LAeq value at 260 different points, located around hospitals, squares, schools and street corners at the intersections of the downtown. Percentage doses of daytime and nighttime sound pressure levels were calculated, with 6 dB being attributed as a dose duplication factor. In addition, residents, workers and visitors from the downtown of the city were interviewed in order to assess their perception of noise. It was found that 98% of the measurements taken at street intersections are above the limits recommended in NBR 10.151 and that all exceed the municipality limit, with more than half of them between 400 to 800% of the dose, reaching some points to values above 1600% for the night period, exceeding 4 times the established limit. Dom Pedro II, General Osório, Professor Araújo/Saldanha Marinho/Manduca Rodrigues, Félix da Cunha and Gonçalves Chaves streets lead the ranking with the highest incidence of noise pollution, with Santa Cruz being the least noisy. In the surroundings of the hospitals, the noise doses were higher at night, exceeding 3 times the established limit, with the highest incidence at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Pelotas. In the surroundings of the educational centers, the measured doses exceeded the limits established in the legislation, during the day and night periods, with emphasis at UCPEL, whose night doses reached values above 3200%, exceeding the limit by more than 5 times. In the squares, sound pressure levels were obtained below the limit established for the daytime period, both for measurements in the surroundings and in the interior. Through the interviews, it was found that the majority of the interviewees considered the city center of Pelotas to be noisy, pointing out vehicle traffic as the main source of noise, 78% reported being bothered by the noise, the frequency of the reported symptoms was irritability, followed by headache, low concentration, ringing in the ears, difficulty understanding sounds and insomnia.. Therefore, downtown of Pelotas is considered acoustically polluted, denoting the lack of urban planning, especially with regard to the location of hospitals, educational centers and spaces for leisure. The situation is critical, because in addition to being little publicized, it is also real and little perceived, warning of yet another danger present in the daily lives of the population present in the studied region. It is believed that the study can contribute to support the decision of public managers regarding the allocation of resources and actions aimed at improving environmental conditions, especially acoustic comfort and quality of life for people.