Método Buteyko para crianças com asma: estudo controlado randomizado

• Ano de defesa: 2016
• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, Diana Amélia de
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Brasil; UFRN; PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FISIOTERAPIA
• Palavras-chave em Português: Asma; Fisioterapia; Exercícios respiratórios; Criança; Ensaio clínico; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FISIOTERAPIA E TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22535

Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children and became a public health problem due to its high cost in health care. The Buteyko method is a breathing exercise and a low cost and non-pharmacological intervention that has been used by physical therapists in different countries in the treatment of patients with asthma. Objective: To assess the effects of the Buteyko method as an adjunct therapy to medical treatment of children with asthma. Methods: Single-blind randomized controlled trial registered on ClinicalTrails.gov that assessed 32 children aged 7 to 12 years old with asthma diagnose. Children were randomized into two groups: Buteyko group and control group. Buteyko group consisted of 16 children who underwent three weeks of treatment (two sessions per week) with the Buteyko method. Children also performed the Buteyko Method daily at home during the treatment period. Control group consisted of 16 children who received, along with their parents and / or guardians, educational interventions on asthma. We assessed quality of life by the PAQLQ (Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), lung function (spirometry) and exercise capacity (six-minute walk test). Moreover, we collected data regarding occurrence of admissions to hospital, visits to the emergency room and days off school due to asthma exacerbations, episodes of allergy and asthma exacerbations, and reliever medication usage. Assessments were held in two moments: before and after the three weeks of treatment. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software with a significant level of 5%. Data normality was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Continuous variables with normal distribution were expressed as means and standard deviations. Those with a non-normal distribution as median and interquartile ranges. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency. The Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the scores of PAQLQ between and intragroups, respectively. Between and intragroup comparison of the spirometry variables and the 6-minute walk test distance was performed by the paired and unpaired t test. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the occurrence of visits to the emergency room and days off school due to asthma exacerbations, episodes of allergy and asthma exacerbations, and reliever medication usage between groups. Results: Intragroup analysis showed an improvement in all quality of life scores in both groups and in peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the Buteyko group. Between-group analysis showed an improvement in two lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1s / forced vital capacity ratio - FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity - FEF25-75%) and fewer occurrence of episodes of asthma exacerbations, reliever medication usage and days off school due to asthma exacerbations in the Buteyko group. Conclusion: Data from the present showed that the Buteyko Method was effective to improve some lung function (FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75% and PEF) and symptoms parameters (episodes of asthma exacerbations, reliever medication usage and days off school due to asthma exacerbations). Both the Buteyko Method and asthma education improved quality of life in the children assessed.