Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados
Ano de defesa: | 2013 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
|
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
|
Departamento: |
Físico-Química; Química
|
País: |
BR
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/17730 |
Resumo: | During the storage of oil, sludge is formed in the bottoms of tanks, due to decantation, since the sludge is composed of a large quantity of oil (heavy petroleum fractions), water and solids. The oil sludge is a complex viscous mixture which is considered as a hazardous waste. It is then necessary to develop methods and technologies that optimize the cleaning process, oil extraction and applications in industry. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the oil sludge, to obtain and characterize microemulsion systems (MES), and to study their applications in the treatment of sludge. In this context, the Soxhlet extraction of crude oil sludge and aged sludge was carried out, and allowing to quantify the oil (43.9 % and 84.7 % - 13 ºAPI), water (38.7 % and 9.15 %) and solid (17.3 % and 6.15 %) contents, respectively. The residues were characterized using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Xray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Infrared (FT-IR). The XRF technique determined the presence of iron and sulfur in higher proportions, confirming by XRD the presence of the following minerals: Pyrite (FeS2), Pyrrhotite (FeS) and Magnetite (Fe3O4). The FT-IR showed the presence of heavy oil fractions. In parallel, twelve MES were prepared, combining the following constituents: two nonionic surfactants (Unitol L90 and Renex 110 - S), three cosurfactants (butanol, sec-butanol and isoamyl alcohol - C), three aqueous phase (tap water - ADT, acidic solution 6 % HCl, and saline solution - 3.5 % NaCl - AP) and an oil phase (kerosene - OP). From the obtained systems, a common point was chosen belonging to the microemulsion region (25 % [C+S] 5 % OP and AP 70 %), which was characterized at room temperature (25°C) by viscosity (Haake Rheometer Mars), particle diameter (Zeta Plus) and thermal stability. Mixtures with this composition were applied to oil sludge solubilization under agitation at a ratio of 1:4, by varying time and temperature. The efficiencies of solubilization were obtained excluding the solids, which ranged between 73.5 % and 95 %. Thus, two particular systems were selected for use in storage tanks, with efficiencies of oil sludge solubilization over 90 %, which proved the effectiveness of the MES. The factorial design delimited within the domain showed how the MES constituents affect the solubilization of aged oil sludge, as predictive models. The MES A was chosen as the best system, which solubilized a high amount of aged crude oil sludge (~ 151.7 g / L per MES) |
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Viana, Flavia Freitashttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8850922544923368http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=nullGurgel, Alexandrehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768Rossi, Cátia Guaraciara Fernandes Teixeirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0103853142184734Silva, Djalma Ribeiro dahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2791074318745945Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro2014-12-17T15:42:11Z2014-02-242014-12-17T15:42:11Z2013-07-25VIANA, Flavia Freitas. Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados. 2013. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Físico-Química; Química) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2013.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/17730During the storage of oil, sludge is formed in the bottoms of tanks, due to decantation, since the sludge is composed of a large quantity of oil (heavy petroleum fractions), water and solids. The oil sludge is a complex viscous mixture which is considered as a hazardous waste. It is then necessary to develop methods and technologies that optimize the cleaning process, oil extraction and applications in industry. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the oil sludge, to obtain and characterize microemulsion systems (MES), and to study their applications in the treatment of sludge. In this context, the Soxhlet extraction of crude oil sludge and aged sludge was carried out, and allowing to quantify the oil (43.9 % and 84.7 % - 13 ºAPI), water (38.7 % and 9.15 %) and solid (17.3 % and 6.15 %) contents, respectively. The residues were characterized using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Xray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Infrared (FT-IR). The XRF technique determined the presence of iron and sulfur in higher proportions, confirming by XRD the presence of the following minerals: Pyrite (FeS2), Pyrrhotite (FeS) and Magnetite (Fe3O4). The FT-IR showed the presence of heavy oil fractions. In parallel, twelve MES were prepared, combining the following constituents: two nonionic surfactants (Unitol L90 and Renex 110 - S), three cosurfactants (butanol, sec-butanol and isoamyl alcohol - C), three aqueous phase (tap water - ADT, acidic solution 6 % HCl, and saline solution - 3.5 % NaCl - AP) and an oil phase (kerosene - OP). From the obtained systems, a common point was chosen belonging to the microemulsion region (25 % [C+S] 5 % OP and AP 70 %), which was characterized at room temperature (25°C) by viscosity (Haake Rheometer Mars), particle diameter (Zeta Plus) and thermal stability. Mixtures with this composition were applied to oil sludge solubilization under agitation at a ratio of 1:4, by varying time and temperature. The efficiencies of solubilization were obtained excluding the solids, which ranged between 73.5 % and 95 %. Thus, two particular systems were selected for use in storage tanks, with efficiencies of oil sludge solubilization over 90 %, which proved the effectiveness of the MES. The factorial design delimited within the domain showed how the MES constituents affect the solubilization of aged oil sludge, as predictive models. The MES A was chosen as the best system, which solubilized a high amount of aged crude oil sludge (~ 151.7 g / L per MES)No armazenamento de petróleo a borra é formada nos fundos de tanques, devido a sua decantação, já que a borra é composta por grande quantidade de óleo (frações pesadas de petróleo), água e sólidos. A borra de petróleo é uma mistura complexa, viscosa e considerada um resíduo perigoso, tornando-se necessário desenvolver tecnologias e métodos que facilitem a limpeza, a extração do óleo e a aplicação na indústria. Portanto, neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a composição da borra de petróleo, obter e caracterizar sistemas microemulsionados (SME), e estudar as suas aplicações no tratamento da borra. Neste contexto, utilizou-se a extração Soxhlet da borra de petróleo bruta e da borra envelhecida, permitindo quantificar o teor de óleo (43,9 % e 84,7 % - 13 ºAPI), de água (38,7 % e 9,15 %) e de sólidos (17,3 % e 6,15 %), respectivamente. Os resíduos foram caracterizados através das técnicas de fluorescência de raios X (FRX), de difração de raios X (DRX) e Infravermelho de transmissão (IFT). O FRX determinou a presença de ferro e enxofre em maiores proporções, comprovando-se pelo DRX a presença dos seguintes minerais: Pirita (FeS2), Pirrotita (FeS) e Magnetita (Fe3O4). O IFT mostrou a presença de frações pesadas de petróleo. Em paralelo foram obtidos doze SME, combinando os seguintes constituintes: dois tensoativos não iônicos (Unitol L90 e Renex NP110 - T), três cotensoativos (butanol, sec-butanol e álcool isoamílico - C), três fases aquosas (água de torneira - ADT, solução ácida HCl 6 % e solução salina NaCl 3,5 % - Fa) e uma fase óleo (querosene - Fo). A partir da obtenção destes sistemas, foi escolhido um ponto em comum na região de microemulsão (25 % [C+T], 5 % Fo e 70 % Fa), os quais foram caracterizados, a temperatura ambiente (25°C), através da viscosidade (Reômetro de Haake Mars), diâmetro de partículas (Zeta Plus) e estabilidade térmica. Misturas com essa composição foram aplicadas na solubilização da borra do petróleo, sob agitação, na proporção de 1:4, variando tempo e temperatura. As eficiências de solubilização foram obtidas desconsiderando o teor de sólidos, situado em uma faixa de 73,5 % a 95 %. Assim, escolheram-se dois sistemas como destaque para aplicação em tanques de armazenamento, com eficiências de solubilização da borra de petróleo acima de 90 %, comprovando-se assim a eficácia do SME. Os planejamentos experimentais fatoriais delimitaram dentro do domínio a influência de constituintes dos SME na solubilização da borra de petróleo envelhecida, com modelos preditivos. O SME A foi escolhido como o melhor sistema, que solubilizou elevada concentração de borra de petróleo bruta envelhecida (~151,7 g/L por SME)application/pdfporUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em QuímicaUFRNBRFísico-Química; QuímicaTensoativo. Microemulsão. Borra de petróleo. Solubilização. Tratamento. Resíduos perigososSurfactant. Microemulsion. Petroleum sludge. Solubilization. Treatment. hazardous wasteCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICATratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionadosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALFlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdfapplication/pdf2036904https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/17730/1/FlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdfe98751260e3e63445acf4cc13e184f1fMD51TEXTFlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf.txtFlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain175266https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/17730/6/FlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf.txtbec9d9d93ba5e303f3a23024c0726c35MD56THUMBNAILFlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf.jpgFlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg5199https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/17730/7/FlaviaFV_DISSERT.pdf.jpg58847b1fc81460264e26a3c8d08fc374MD57123456789/177302017-11-04 14:18:19.582oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/17730Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2017-11-04T17:18:19Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
title |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
spellingShingle |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados Viana, Flavia Freitas Tensoativo. Microemulsão. Borra de petróleo. Solubilização. Tratamento. Resíduos perigosos Surfactant. Microemulsion. Petroleum sludge. Solubilization. Treatment. hazardous waste CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA |
title_short |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
title_full |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
title_fullStr |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
title_sort |
Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados |
author |
Viana, Flavia Freitas |
author_facet |
Viana, Flavia Freitas |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8850922544923368 |
dc.contributor.advisorID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.advisorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null |
dc.contributor.referees1.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Gurgel, Alexandre |
dc.contributor.referees1ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees1Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768 |
dc.contributor.referees2.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Rossi, Cátia Guaraciara Fernandes Teixeira |
dc.contributor.referees2ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees2Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0103853142184734 |
dc.contributor.referees3.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Djalma Ribeiro da |
dc.contributor.referees3ID.por.fl_str_mv |
|
dc.contributor.referees3Lattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2791074318745945 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Viana, Flavia Freitas |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
contributor_str_mv |
Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Tensoativo. Microemulsão. Borra de petróleo. Solubilização. Tratamento. Resíduos perigosos |
topic |
Tensoativo. Microemulsão. Borra de petróleo. Solubilização. Tratamento. Resíduos perigosos Surfactant. Microemulsion. Petroleum sludge. Solubilization. Treatment. hazardous waste CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Surfactant. Microemulsion. Petroleum sludge. Solubilization. Treatment. hazardous waste |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA |
description |
During the storage of oil, sludge is formed in the bottoms of tanks, due to decantation, since the sludge is composed of a large quantity of oil (heavy petroleum fractions), water and solids. The oil sludge is a complex viscous mixture which is considered as a hazardous waste. It is then necessary to develop methods and technologies that optimize the cleaning process, oil extraction and applications in industry. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the oil sludge, to obtain and characterize microemulsion systems (MES), and to study their applications in the treatment of sludge. In this context, the Soxhlet extraction of crude oil sludge and aged sludge was carried out, and allowing to quantify the oil (43.9 % and 84.7 % - 13 ºAPI), water (38.7 % and 9.15 %) and solid (17.3 % and 6.15 %) contents, respectively. The residues were characterized using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Xray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Infrared (FT-IR). The XRF technique determined the presence of iron and sulfur in higher proportions, confirming by XRD the presence of the following minerals: Pyrite (FeS2), Pyrrhotite (FeS) and Magnetite (Fe3O4). The FT-IR showed the presence of heavy oil fractions. In parallel, twelve MES were prepared, combining the following constituents: two nonionic surfactants (Unitol L90 and Renex 110 - S), three cosurfactants (butanol, sec-butanol and isoamyl alcohol - C), three aqueous phase (tap water - ADT, acidic solution 6 % HCl, and saline solution - 3.5 % NaCl - AP) and an oil phase (kerosene - OP). From the obtained systems, a common point was chosen belonging to the microemulsion region (25 % [C+S] 5 % OP and AP 70 %), which was characterized at room temperature (25°C) by viscosity (Haake Rheometer Mars), particle diameter (Zeta Plus) and thermal stability. Mixtures with this composition were applied to oil sludge solubilization under agitation at a ratio of 1:4, by varying time and temperature. The efficiencies of solubilization were obtained excluding the solids, which ranged between 73.5 % and 95 %. Thus, two particular systems were selected for use in storage tanks, with efficiencies of oil sludge solubilization over 90 %, which proved the effectiveness of the MES. The factorial design delimited within the domain showed how the MES constituents affect the solubilization of aged oil sludge, as predictive models. The MES A was chosen as the best system, which solubilized a high amount of aged crude oil sludge (~ 151.7 g / L per MES) |
publishDate |
2013 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2013-07-25 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2014-12-17T15:42:11Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2014-02-24 2014-12-17T15:42:11Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
VIANA, Flavia Freitas. Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados. 2013. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Físico-Química; Química) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2013. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/17730 |
identifier_str_mv |
VIANA, Flavia Freitas. Tratamento de borra de petróleo com sistemas microemulsionados. 2013. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Físico-Química; Química) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2013. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/17730 |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química |
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UFRN |
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BR |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Físico-Química; Química |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
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