O papel dos ambientes coletivos de convivência no modo de vida: buscando nexos entre elementos de projeto arquitetônico e modos de vida sustentável em duas ecovilas brasileiras

• Ano de defesa: 2022
• Autor(a) principal: Valverde, Juliana Viégas de Lima
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil; UFRN; PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO
• Palavras-chave em Português: Habitação - ecovila; Relação pessoa-ambiente; Modo de vida sustentável; Comunidades intencionais; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/52207

Faced with the current capitalist model, alternative ways of life have emerged that seek changes in relation to environmental impacts, socioeconomic disparities and cultural aspects that exist today, understanding that it is fundamental that many of the current practices do not continue to be reproduced. In this context, ecovillages are multifunctional settlements aimed at sustainability and self-sufficiency, whose conception takes place through participatory projects. In the field of architecture and urbanism, envisioning alternatives to the current socio-spatial model implies looking into the human-environmental issues related to the tripod of sustainability, and which even go beyond it. By configuring themselves as possibilities for sustainable ways of life, ecovillages have been seen as social experiments of a sustainable future, whose proliferation can point to possible ways to solve the global socio-environmental crisis. In this scenario, the question is: How does the (sociophysical) environment of ecovillages reflect sustainable ways of life? The study theoretical and methodological support fields on Architectural Design and Environmental Psychology, based on three understandings: (i) Sustainable Ways of Life (SL) involve psychological trends and behaviors that reveal a concern with the conditions of the physical environment and with the integrity of the social environment; (ii) Pro-ecological Behavior (CPE) influences the physical environment and the quality of human life; (iii) the architectural design reflects the intentions and desires of those who plan it. Therefore, the object of study of this thesis is the relationship between the sociophysical environment of Brazilian ecovillages and VMs. The hypothesis that is constructed in view of the above is that the sociophysical environment of ecovillages represents sustainable ways of life, evident through their daily practices, which are imprinted in their physical configuration. Thus, the objective of the study was to understand the relationship between the physical environment of ecovillages and sustainable ways of life in the Brazilian context, in order to guide the development of architectural proposals for intentional communities focused on sustainability, and to contemplate the person-environment relationship and the dimensions of sustainability. The qualitative research adopted an ethnographic approach and a multi-method approach, reconciling participant observation, technical evaluation and user perception. To this end, a panel of experts and two case studies in consolidated Brazilian ecovillages were carried out. As a result, it was verified that the specialists think about sustainable conducts in a systemic way, through virtuous closed cycles and involving practices favorable to the restoration of social and natural environments, and, therefore, indicate the importance of meeting sustainability by integrating all its dimensions. The case studies carried out in two Brazilian ecovillages suggest that they seek to implement design solutions appropriate to the local context, in order to experience a sustainable way of life and linked to new ruralities. To do so, they try to combine technology and innovation with creativity and care for available resources, but each initiative seeks to achieve this goal according to its environmental and social and economic and cultural possibilities. In terms of planning and use of space, there is an evident appreciation of collective living environments, noting that the community kitchen plays a central role in the architectural project and in the way of life, integrating all dimensions of sustainability and favoring coexistence. It is concluded that community life integrated with nature is a key element for the consolidation of sustainable ways of life in Brazilian ecovillages and that these are presented as laboratories of new ruralities, being capable of establishing bridges towards a regenerative culture.