É para rir ou para chorar? As tirinhas e charges sobre a Covid-19 como produção de resistência ao governo de Jair Bolsonaro e o enfrentamento à pandemia

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Thiago Alves Moreira
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasil; UFRN; PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO
• Palavras-chave em Português: Discurso imagético; Charge; Pandemia; Covid-19; Necropolítica; Biopolítica; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/55160

The year 2020 was marked by a declaration of a health emergency caused by a new type of coronavirus, Sars-CoV-2. In Brazil, with a federal administration that showed a greater commitment to the economy than to the preservation of life, the covid-19 disease ended up with a much higher mortality rate than expected if preventive policies had been adopted. On the contrary, Jair Bolsonaro's administration behaved exactly within the framework of what Achille Mbembe (2018) termed Necropolitics. In response, the population began organizing resistance to (necro)power in defense of life. One of the expressions of this resistance can be found in the discourses contained in political cartoons and strips produced during this period, which expressed positions contrary to the official discourse. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze the imagetic discourses contained in cartoons published in 2020 and 2021 about the covid-19 pandemic as a manifestation of resistance against the political positions of the Jair Bolsonaro government. The covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2020, leading various governments to make efforts to understand and find the best forms of treatment and prevention. However, some governments, such as the Brazilian government, adopted a denialist stance during the pandemic. While Jair Bolsonaro, as the president during the initial years of the pandemic, delivered speeches contrary to the scientific community's views, several forms of resistance emerged against the leader and his administration. Many cartoonists, therefore, started critiquing the president, especially regarding his actions during the health crisis, by expressing their own conceptions and choices. Methodologically, this research employs the French line of discourse analysis inspired by Michel Foucault (1996). The corpus of analysis consists of cartoons produced during the first two years of the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, sourced from Instagram accounts of critical illustrators of the Jair Bolsonaro government and his actions during the pandemic, namely: Daniel Lafayette, Helô D’Angelo, Laerte Coutinho, and Gilmar Machado. The analytical construction involves a dialogue with the concepts of biopolitics and resistance in Michel Foucault (1998; 2008; 2019), necropolitics in Achille Mbembe (2018), and the analysis of images as historiographical archives in Peter Burke (2017). The conclusion reached is that political cartoons, as discourse-images, contributed to the fight for life by exposing, through humor, sarcasm, and irony, the power's will to truth, thus playing an important role as a technology of a biopower of resistance. They acted as formative tools in a non-formal educational sphere through the statements published on the cartoonists' Instagram accounts.