Avalia??o fisiol?gica de mudas de pimenta do reino (Piper nigrum L.), sob diferentes l?minas de irriga??o e doses de adubo de libera??o controlada

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Ambrozim, Clodoaldo Spadeto
• Orientador(a): Carvalho, Daniel Fonseca de
• Banca de defesa: Carvalho, Daniel Fonseca de, Bonomo, Robson, Borella, Junior
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Instituto de Agronomia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: irriga??o automatizada; desenvolvimento de plantas; nutri??o de plantas; d?ficit h?drico; comportamentos fisiol?gicos
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: automated irrigation; plant development; plant nutrition; abiotic stress; physiological behavior
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Agronomia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5536

Black Pepper is a plant cultivated mainly in countries of tropical climates; in Brazil, it presents great economic importance in the states of Esp?rito Santo and Par?. However, there are little information available in the literature, especially in relation to the water and nutritional needs of the crop. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the production of black pepper seedlings under different nutrient doses, as well as the physiological status of the crop when submitted to water stress. For this purpose, two experiments were going conducted in the horticulture sector of the Institute of Agronomy of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. In the first, pepper stakes (cv Bragantina) were pre-rooted for 60 days in wet sand, and then transplanted in polyethylene tubes with a capacity of 280 cm3. The experimental design was completely randomized in a unit-factorial scheme with 4 doses of controlled release fertilizer (concentrations of 0,0, 2,5, 5,0 and 10,0 kg m-3) (osmocote?), with 10 replications for each one. After 30 days of replication, the height of the plants was going periodically measured up to 120 days. After this time, destructive analyzes were carried out to evaluate fresh and dry masses of shoot and roots, leaf number and leaf area, as well as chemical analysis of shoots, roots and substrates. In the second experiment, pepper plants (cv Bragantina) with approximately 120 days were cultivated in flower pot (5.0 L) and submitted to different water supplies, corresponding to 100, 78, 58 and 32% of the volume applied by means of an automatic irrigation actuator. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 4 treatments and 6 replicates. When wilt symptom was detected in about 50% of the plants of a treatment, it was rehydrated and subjected to the corresponding treatment again. Chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured periodically during the 33 days of evaluation, while leaf osmotic potential (?f) and relative water content (CRA) were measured at 22, 28 and 31 days of restriction (HRD). The first experiment results show that higher plant height and dry and fresh root mass were going verified in seedlings produced with higher doses of fertilizer, as well as higher leaf area rates and chlorophyll a and b indexes. Variations in the macro and micronutrients contents appear between the aerial part and the root of the plants according to the applied doses. The different levels of irrigation (second experiment) influenced the values of ?f and CRA in black pepper plants. In those plants submitted to the lowest irrigation level (32%), total stomata closure performed at 28 HRD, showing a small recovery after rehydration. Values of chlorophyll a, b and Total were also affected by irrigation levels. Thus, allowing to conclude that black pepper seedlings, produced with doses of 10.0 kg m-3 of controlled release fertilizer, present higher height and fresh and dry root masses; there were variations in the contents of nutrients in relation to the aerial part and root in black pepper; pepper plants are sensitive to more stringent water stress, with partial recovery of ?f, CRA and stomatal conductance in 32% water replenishment treatment.