Ocorr?ncia de genes de resist?ncia a antimicrobianos em solos de ?rea agr?cola e de reserva legal em Nova Friburgo, RJ

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Camila Costa de
• Orientador(a): Coelho, Irene da Silva
• Banca de defesa: Coelho, Irene da Silva, Coelho, Shana de Mattos de Oliveira, Rouws, Luc Felicianus Marie
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agronomia - Ci?ncia do Solo
• Departamento: Instituto de Agronomia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Aduba??o org?nica; Avicultura; Compostagem; Colistina; Metais pesados; Sulfonamida
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Aviculture; Colistin; Composting; Heavy metals; Organic fertilization; Sulfonamide
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Agronomia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5552

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged globally as one of the greatest threats to public health, mainly due to the widespread use of antimicrobial in humans and animal production. The use of animal manure provides benefits to the soil, besides being an alternative to the discharge of this residue in the environment, since animal production is an expressive activity of the Brazilian agribusiness. However, it can increase bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes and promote its dissemination to commensal and pathogenic bacteria of humans and animals. Strategies to manage these residues, such as composting, are important tools to ensure the safety of their use as organic fertilizer. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in soils of agricultural crops treated with fresh poultry manure and legal reserve areas near these production areas in Nova Friburgo, RJ, in order to clarify the role of these environments as a reservoir and source of dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. It was also evaluated the effect of the composting process of poultry manure on the prevalence of resistance genes. After the total DNA extraction of the soil samples, the detection of the resistance genes to ?-lactamics, colistin and sulphonamides (blaampC, mcr-1, sul1 and sul2, respectively) was performed using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), followed by a correlation analysis of the presence of the genes in relation to the physical-chemical attributes of soils. The relative abundance of the mcr-1 gene was determined by the qPCR (Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. The presence of resistance genes was also evaluated at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of poultry manure composting. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the proportions of genes sul1 and sul2 in the areas of agricultural production and legal reserve, being predominant in the agricultural areas. The mcr-1 gene was detected in all soil samples. The log of relative abundance of the mcr-1 gene ranged from-1.76 (1.81 x 10-? copies of mcr-1/16S rDNA) to -3.12 (7.67 x 10-4 copies of mcr-1/16S rDNA). The blaampC gene was not detected after 30 days of composting. Otherwise, the genes sul1, sul2 and mcr-1 were detected up to 120 days of composting. These results reinforce the importance of studies that aimed at elucidating the pathways for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in agricultural production areas, as well as the factors that interfere in the persistence and dissemination of these genes in the environment, in order to subsidize the implementation of management practices that reduce the risk of spreading resistance, which is a potential threat to public health.