Mal?ria avi?ria em Spheniscus magellanicus Forster, 1781, origin?rios da Patag?nia recolhidos na costa brasileira

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Duarte, Aline Falqueto
• Orientador(a): Massard, Carlos Luiz
• Banca de defesa: D?agosto, Marta Tavares, Fonseca, Advaldo Henrique da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias
• Departamento: Instituto de Veterin?ria
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Pinguins-de-magalh?es; Plasmodium relictum; Haemaboeba
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: magellanic penguins; Plasmodium relictum; Haemaboeba
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Medicina Veterin?ria
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/3587

The avian malaria is an important disease in captive and free living penguins and is currently considered the leading cause of death in this species. Due to the knowledge lack of avian malaria parasite in Spheniscus magellanicus this research aimed to evaluate the presence of avian malaria in specimens newcomers to the Zoological Foundation of Rio de Janeiro (RIOZOO) after being collected on the Rio de Janeiro beaches and neighboring regions. For this study, 44 Magellanic penguins kept in RIOZOO Foundation were sampled. The birds were observed for the presence of parasites and clinical signs related to these, in addition, the prevalence, parasitaemia, morphology and morphometry of the parasites found were analyzed. To confirm the morphological and morphometric characterization molecular technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with the mitochondrial gene for generic Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon for five birds most affected; differentiation between the genus was performed by PCR-RFLP. Four positive samples were submitted for sequencing and the result was compared with other mitochondrial gene sequences from GenBank, which served to construct the phylogenetic tree. The general health of the birds was serious, showed prostrate with loose stools and anemia. The analysis of blood smears from birds sampled revealed the presence of parasitized erythrocytes evolutionary forms, suggestive of parasites of the genus. Of the 44 Magellanic penguins sampled 21 were parasitized, with prevalence of 47.73%. The higher parasitemia was 6.1%. Found all developmental forms of Plasmodium: gametocytes, trophozoites and schizonts. Morphologically, the trophozoites were presented oval or pyriform, irregularly spherical schizonts with merozoites by about 14 schizonts, the macrogametocytes and microgametocytes had rounded or elongated shape, elongated forms prevail. Given the scarcity of trophozoites and schizonts and predominance of gametocytes, morphometric characterizations using the measure of 30 forms were made only for the latter an evolutionary way, the macrogametocytes had a mean length of 10.16 ? 1.48?m and an average width of 2.40 ? 0.72?m. Already the microgametocytes had an average length of 11 ? 1.03?m and an average width of 2.04 ? 0.27?m. Eight Plasmodium trophozoites were measured and the average was 2.14?m to 1.46?m and diameter to the smallest diameter. As for schizont, only one has been measured as having a larger diameter 9.14?m and smaller diameter 8?m. In a PCR fragment of approximately 160 base pairs was amplified, and differentiation between the genus had measured and confirmed to be the genus Plasmodium. Sequencing revealed that probably is a co-infection with parasites of the genus Plasmodium and is one of the species involved Plasmodium relictum.