Bases para o cultivo org?nico de feij?o-caupi [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] no estado do Rio de Janeiro

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Guedes, Rejane Escrivani
• Orientador(a): Rumjanek, Norma Gouv?a
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Fitotecnia
• Departamento: Instituto de Agronomia
• País: Brasil
• Palavras-chave em Português: Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; cons?rcios; agricultura org?nica; aduba??o verde; gr?os e espigas verdes
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: intercrops; organic farming; green manuring; immature (=green) grains; spikes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: Agronomia
• Link de acesso: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/553

Cowpea genotypes submitted to organic management were evaluated for grain yield and green manure, as well as intercropped with corn, under field conditions of Serop?dica, state of Rio de Janeiro. In the year of 2005, 53 cowpea genotypes were compared at the Integrated Agroecology Produc tion System ( SIPA Km 47 Agroecologic Farm) relating to qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Data were treated by following univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Significant differences were detected with respect to all the evaluated parameters. Genotypes EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES47, Feij?o-Caupi and Feij?o Mau? showed favourable attributes for immature (=green) grain yield. They presented determinate growth habit with moderate branchding and flowering stage up to 45 days after sowing, only differing by pod and grain colors. Univariete analysis demonstrated high variability among cowpea genotypes. However, multivariate analysis was more efficient to joint selected agronomic traits for identification of genotyp ic groups, which can be important in cowpea breeding programs. Cowpea and corn intercrops also submitted to organic cultivation were evaluated by means of two field experiments carried out at SIPA. In Experiment 1, the cowpea cultivars Mau?, BRS Mil?nio and Olho de Peixe were intercropped with corn (cv. AG-1051) to function as green manures. A randomized blocks design was employed in factorial 2x3 scheme (two corn plant spacing x three cowpea cultivars). In Experiment 2, Mau? cowpea and AG-1051 corn were intercropped for harvesting immature (=green) grains and spikes, respectively. Treatments consisted of four time intervals between cowpea and corn sowing. As for Experiment 1, corn planted in double rows favoured cowpea aboveground biomass production, probably due to a greater amount of light admitted into the system. Results from Experiments 2 indicated that intercrop with cowpea did not decrease corn yield which reached averages of 9,5 and 5,9 Mg ha-1 of ears with and without straw, respectively. Regarding cowpea grain yield of Mau? cultivar its single crop was superior to the intercrops exceeding 1400 kg ha-1. Treatment corresponding to 21 days of interval between cowpea and corn sowing differed from the other types of intecrops, with yield attaining 978,75 ka ka-1. It is concluded that the intercropping system can se adopted in the region without risks of lowering corn yield due to competition, being three weeks (21 days) the most adequate time interval between sowing.