“Deu um branco” na história da psicanálise brasileira: eugenia, racismo e a desonra política da psicanálise no Brasil (1920-1940)

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Bárbara Santos Andrade
• Orientador(a): Coelho, Daniel Menezes
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Psicologia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Psicologia; História da psicanálise no Brasil; Eugenia; Raças; Psicanálise; História
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Psychology; Psychoanalysis; History; Eugenics; Race
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/20769

The emergence of psychoanalysis in Europe was marked by a subversion of the concept of degeneration and its links to heredity and perversion. Despite this, one of its entries into Brazilian territory was as a tool in a program of mental hygiene and eugenics, constructed by an elite of doctors, psychiatrists and intellectuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the emergence of psychoanalysis in the Brazilian context in the 20th century, specifically in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, a time of discussion about the viability of the nation and the construction of a civilization project. To do this, we took as our object the eugenic discourse, which can be identified from the Archivos Brasileiros de Hygiene Mental (Brazilian Archives of Mental Hygiene), published by the Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental (Brazilian League of Mental Hygiene) between 1925 and 1947. Based on these publications, we used the Foucauldian method of analysis to identify the types of rationalities that led to the emergence of psychoanalytic discourse as a operator in the education of instincts. The function of the apprehension of psychoanalysis as a technology of the instincts appears as a eugenic tool for the construction of a discourse-object in order to perpetuate the regimes of power in force at the time. In this sense, we find that the ideas of psychoanalysis operated in the interweaving of the device of sexuality and raciality with the aim of creating privileges for whites over nonwhites. With this, we offer a possible contrast with the official historiography that is produced around a proposal of apolitical psychoanalysis and propose a reflection on the effects of abstinence from the racial debate within the discussions of psychoanalysis. Finally, we propose an ethical-political stance that enables the psychoanalytic field to approach its histories and traumas from a political historiography capable of considering local contexts and identifying the marginalities necessary for its field.