Avaliação da atividade antitumoral do óleo essencial de folhas de Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiacea)

• Ano de defesa: 2023
• Autor(a) principal: Graça, Ariel de Souza
• Orientador(a): Estevam, Charles Santos
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Câncer; Terpenos; Essências e óleos essenciais; Aroeira; Óleos essenciais; Careno
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Essencial oils; Carene terpenes
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17605

Cancer is the name given to the set of diseases with the abnormal proliferation of mutated cells that tend to invade tissues. It is feared by everyone due to its high mortality rate, the prospect of an increase in this rate and the lack of effective treatments. These, in turn, have numerous side effects and can even lead to death. In this context, natural products, such as essential oils, have been important in the search for new compounds that help fight cancer. Schinus terenbithifolia has shown several activities against tumor cells in vitro experiments, thus showing great potential for the treatment of cancer. Thus, the present work aimed to study the antitumor activity (in vitro and in vivo) of essential oil from leaves of S. terebinthifolia (OEST), α-pinene and 3-carene in mice with Sarcoma 180, in addition to estimating possible effects toxicological causes. OEST was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MEFID, and 16 compounds were identified, including α-pinene (39.60%) and 3-carene (35.27%) as the most abundant among the major compounds. The cytotoxicity of OEST, α-pinene and 3-carene was measured against SNB-19 (Glioblastoma), HCT-116 (Colon carcinoma) and PC-3 (Prostate carcinoma) cell lines using the MTT assay. OEST showed activity against all strains with CI50 ranging between 0.135 and 0.424 µg/mL. α-pinene and 3-carene, at the concentrations tested, did not show cytotoxic activity; this suggests that the activity of the oil is not restricted to the exclusive action of these compounds. OEST showed antitumor activity against S180, inhibiting tumor growth by 89.8% and 69.1% at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg (i.p.) and 3-carene inhibited 49.3% and 66.7 % at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg (i.p.). α-pinene, although it reduced tumor size at the doses tested, showed no statistical difference with CTRL. 5-FU (positive control) inhibited the tumor by 80.3% at a dose of 25 mg/kg (i.p.). The effect was corroborated with the histopathological analysis of the tumors. Regarding the evaluation of body mass, the tested animals did not show alteration, unlike those that used 5-FU, which caused a radical reduction. The evaluation of the evaluated organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, brain, stomach and lungs) revealed small changes in the spleen in focal areas at the doses of the OEST100 and CAR50 group, however there was a noticeable atrophy in the white pulp in the 5-FU group . Hematological evaluation revealed that all tested doses of α-pinene and the highest dose of 3-carene raised the level of total leukocytes; this level and platelets were drastically reduced by 5-FU, leaving the animals susceptible to infections and hemorrhage. Small increases in platelet density were seen at the highest doses in all treated groups when compared to VEI, but not to CTRL. There was no change in biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, urea and creatinine). Given these results, we can state that OEST (50 mg/kg) has antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, with zero toxicity.