Controle alternativo da antracnose durante a pós-colheita de goiabas "Paluma" simulando armazenamento e a comercialização

• Ano de defesa: 2012
• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Lucas Fonseca Menezes
• Orientador(a): Oliveira Júnior, Luiz Fernando Ganassali de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Sergipe
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Psidium guajava; Hidrodestilação; Pós-colheita; Antracnose
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Hydrodistillation; Post-harvest; Anthracnose
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6648

Brazil is one of the largest producers of fruit, guava with the culture of great importance in the diet of the population by having large amounts of vitamins, and carbohydrates and carotenoids. The postharvest of guava can be regarded as a problem for the broader participation of Sergipe in the marketing of this fruit in other parts of the country. The alternative control of fungal diseases plays an important role in the search for the most demanding consumer markets for healthy products and known origin. Thus the objective of this study was to develop and refine a technique that allows the storage of guavas for prolonged periods without the use of agrochemicals and excellent post-harvest quality in order to reduce costs and increase food security. Through the process of hydrodistillation essential oil was obtained from seeds of Shinus terebinthifolius from seeds and leaves and it was verified the oil yield in different periods of distillation and a period of 2.5 h distillation recommended for this plant. This had its chemical composition determined by analysis by gas chromatography, the components found in greater quantity in the oil were: ρ-Menth-1-en-9-ol, α-Thujene, β-pinene, Camphene, α - Fenchene , Terpinen-4-ol acetate, Bornyl Acetate, Cariophilene, Terpinen-4-ol, α-Terpineol, Germacrene - D, δ-cadinene, Hedycariol, α - Gurjunene, α-eudesmol, β-eudesmol. Petri dishes containing PDA culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of essential oil of S. terebinthifolius were inoculated with mycelial structures of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides for determining the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil on the mold where there is an efficiency of approximately 47% for controlling fungus at concentrations of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% oil in the culture medium, as recommended concentration of 2% of essential oil in vivo tests. Guava fruit harvested at mature were inoculated with the fungus that causes anthracnose and treated with essential oil of aroeira da praia 3% being placed in low temperature (15 °C) and temperature (25 °C) in order to assess the period of storage and marketing guava and the development of the fungus against the essential oil. There was loss of weight in fruit and little variation in the amounts of soluble solids during the storage period. The guavas were already significant loss of firmness on the 5th day of storage. Significant change in the peel and pulp of guava during storage was an expected behavior for this variety of guavas. The essential oil delayed the appearance of characteristics of anthracnose lesions 3 days compared with the fungicide used in the experiment. It was demonstrated the accumulation of proline in the guavas during the post-harvest, indicating that the accumulation of proline may be related to weight loss and the development of anthracnose in guavas.