Conflitos territoriais e potencialidades socioambientais em comunidades quilombolas de Brejo Grande/SE

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Gênisson Lima de
• Orientador(a): Costa, Jailton de Jesus
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente
• Palavras-chave em Português: Meio ambiente; Percepção geográfica; Comunidades agrícolas; Posse da terra; Extrativismo; Brejo Grande (SE); Cartografia social; Comunidades tradicionais; Conflitos territoriais; Práticas extrativistas; Quilombolas
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Social cartography; Traditional communities; Territorial conflicts; Extractive practices
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: OUTROS
• Link de acesso: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/10993

Natural resources form the basis of livelihood for traditional communities. These, in turn, are obtained through extractive practices inherited from their ancestors, in the case of the study, artisanal fishermen and shellfish. Territory is understood as the stage of the multiple relations unleashed in the face of appropriation, control and use by different social actors. The present research had as objective to analyze the territorial conflicts and socioenvironmental potential in quilombola communities of Brejo Grande / SE. The spatial cut included the Quilombola community of Resina and Saramém settlement. The methodology of this study was subsidized by bibliographical, cartographic and documentary survey; field research and the application of semi-structured script interviews with members of traditional communities and representatives of associations, social subjects characterized by quilombola identity, as well as other key actors (farmers, ex-owners of rice farms, entrepreneurs), and of institutional bodies, represented by ADEMA, in issuing licenses; and IBAMA in the inspection and application of fines, for the understanding of social-environmental relations. Inadequate appropriation causes socio-environmental impacts, as well as unsustainability in the use of natural resources. In some cases, the extractive practices of artisanal and shellfish fishermen are unsustainable, such as the use of inadequate fishing net mesh. There were changes in the activities developed in the space due to the salinization of the São Francisco River, favoring the activity of shrimp farming, making it impossible to practice the rhiziculture in the lagoons. As an alternative, artisanal fishermen have developed fish and shrimp ponds in these water bodies. In this scenario, freshwater fish are no longer found, predominating saltwater species. The socio-environmental impacts arise from the activities carried out by the social actors because of the activities carried out in the territory. The conflicts, which were highlighted by artisanal and shellfish fishermen, through the application of social cartography, occur among artisanal fishermen, shellfish farmers, farmers, farmers and entrepreneurs. The sites for obtaining natural resources by members of traditional communities, river courses and mangroves, respectively, are affected mainly by the disposal of shrimp manure. These traditional communities are prevented from entering farmer properties to obtain the natural resources due to the delimitation of the land with fences and hiring of henchmen, and the attempt to set up a resort on the margins of the São Francisco River in the quilombola territory. It is necessary to preserve the extractive practices of members of traditional communities both for the collection of natural resources and for the maintenance of cultural, social, religious and economic reproduction in function of the uses attributed in the territory. The information presented in this study can serve the municipal, state and federal governments to develop ways of minimizing the social and environmental impacts arising from the activities of each social actor in order to establish harmonious relations between nature and society for future generations.