Monitoramento e modelagem hidrológica em uma bacia hidrográfica no semiárido do Brasil

• Ano de defesa: 2019
• Autor(a) principal: Sales, João Marcos de Jesus
• Orientador(a): Aguiar Netto, Antenor de Oliveira
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos
• Palavras-chave em Português: Recursos hídricos; Áreas irrigadas; Atividades antrópicas; SWAT; Análise multivariada
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Water resources; Irrigated areas; Anthropic activities; Multivariate analysis
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA
• Link de acesso: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/14348

Irrigated agriculture provides food production in semi-arid regions at different times of the year, but the permitted management can cause environmental problems. Therefore, the use of hydrological models allows to understand, evaluate and anticipate events of natural or manmade origin in a simpler and more economical way. The main objective of this study was to carry out a hydrological modeling in the semiarid region, to assess the influence of irrigated agriculture activities on the quantity and quality of water. For this, the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used, a study area located in the Jacaré Curitiba Basin, where there are no Jacaré Curituba rural settlements, between the municipalities of Poço Redondo and Canindé de São Francisco-SE, inserted without Caatinga biome. The adopted methodology was used for bibliographic survey, field work, hydrological monitoring, survey of land use and occupation and principal component analysis (PCA) applications and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), or performance statistics data set 20 water quality parameters, selected in three sampling campaigns from April / 2018 to August 2019, included as described in the Standard methods and compared with regulatory bodies. The results obtained in this work allow to infer which are the main impacts on the water quality of the Jacaré Curituba school basin were observed in the dry period. The water quality in the study area is compromised at the Control Point with regard to the parameters of salinity, sodium, electrical conductivity, chlorides, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chlorophyll-a and nutrients (total phosphorus and nitrate in especially in the dry period), as a result of human activities (input of agricultural waste). In the classification of irrigation water there was variation between classes C1S1 (Dam) to C4S3 (Control Point). The SWAT model successfully simulated the flow hydrograph for the period from Nov / 2015 to Jul / 2018, duly calibrated and validated. Simulations of different land use scenarios highlight the greater production of water in agricultural areas, which can cause greater generation of sediments. The calibrated and validated SWAT model means a possibility for future studies in hydrographic basins in the semiarid region and, therefore, to contribute to studies on water and soil management. It should be emphasized that the techniques adopted in this research showed promising results, revealing the strong influence of irrigated agriculture on water quality and quantity, in relation to climatic seasonality and the impacts caused by natural and man-made sources in the Jacaré Curituba School Basin