Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses
Ano de defesa: | 2021 |
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Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Centro de Ciências Rurais |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
|
Departamento: |
Agronomia
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País: |
Brasil
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Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/29075 |
Resumo: | The storage of apples in a dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA), where the low oxygen limit (LOL) is monitored, allows the use of extremely low levels of oxygen. Among the most studied techniques are chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and respiratory quotient (RQ). Monitoring LOL is important to avoid excessive induction of anaerobic metabolism compounds caused by excessive O2 reduction. The study of the effect of different partial pressures of CO2 on extremely low levels of O2 in DCA is important in order to provide improvements in fruit conservation and a reduction in the cost of CO2 absorption in the chambers. Furthermore, the adoption of extremely low static O2 levels and the hysteresis of the variation in these levels still need further studies. In this context, in the present work, three papers were developed with the aim of: [1] evaluating different pCO2 in DCA-RQ and its effect on the overall quality ‘Maxi Gala’ apples after 9 months of storage plus 7 days of shelf life, in addition, compare with controlled atmosphere with application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and DCA-CF; [2] evaluate the effect of CO2 levels in DCA-RQ on the overall quality and volatile profile of apples after 9 months of storage plus 21 days of shelf life and compare with CA +1-MCP and DCA-CF and [3] study the effect of storage at extreme low oxygen levels (ELO) with induction of stresses by low O2 (hysteresis) on the overall quality and emission of volatile compounds after 9 months of storage plus 7, 14 and 21 days of shelf life, and compare them with CA + 1-MCP, DCA-CF and DCA-RQ. The storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apples during 9 months in DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.6 and 2.0 kPa of CO2 plus 7 days of shelf life maintains fruit quality similar to DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 kPa of CO2. DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 and 1.6 kPa CO2 maintains high fruit quality after 9 months of storage plus 21 days of shelf life at 20 °C. Storage in DCA-RQ 1.3 with 0.4 kPa CO2 maintains a high percentage of healthy fruit, but reduce flesh firmness during the entire shelf life (21 days). DCA-RQ 1.3 with 2.0 kPa CO2 maintains similar fruit quality to DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 and 1.6 kPa CO2 up to 14 days of shelf life. DCA-QR 1.3 with 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 kPa of CO2 result in higher emission of volatiles (mainly esters), at 21 days of shelf life, with no difference for CA. Storage at ELO levels with or without hysteresis maintains fruit quality similar to DCA-CF, CA+1-MCP, and superior to CA after 7 days of shelf life. After 21 days of shelf life, ELO with 0.4 O2 + 0.4 and 0.6 hysteresis maintain a higher percentage of healthy fruit compared to DCA-CF, CA +1-MCP, CA and similar to DCA-RQ , but with lower flesh firmness than DCA-RQ and CA + 1-MCP. Conditions with ELO with or without hysteresis reduce the emission of the main esters, such as 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl acetate (with the exception of butyl acetate) at 7 and 14 days, but with an increase at 21 days. DCA-CF and CA + 1-MCP have low emission of volatile compounds during 21 days of shelf life. Apples stored in CA maintain high volatile compounds production throughout the shelf life. The results of the three works show that the storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple in extreme low oxygen (0.4 kPa) with hysteresis of 0.4 to 0.6 allow a better quality conservation in comparison to DCA-CF and that it is possible to increase the CO2 level to 1.6 kPa in ELO conditions , which reduce cost of electrical energy for CO2 adsorption from the CA storage room. |
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2023-05-15T11:40:44Z2023-05-15T11:40:44Z2021-08-06http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/29075The storage of apples in a dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA), where the low oxygen limit (LOL) is monitored, allows the use of extremely low levels of oxygen. Among the most studied techniques are chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and respiratory quotient (RQ). Monitoring LOL is important to avoid excessive induction of anaerobic metabolism compounds caused by excessive O2 reduction. The study of the effect of different partial pressures of CO2 on extremely low levels of O2 in DCA is important in order to provide improvements in fruit conservation and a reduction in the cost of CO2 absorption in the chambers. Furthermore, the adoption of extremely low static O2 levels and the hysteresis of the variation in these levels still need further studies. In this context, in the present work, three papers were developed with the aim of: [1] evaluating different pCO2 in DCA-RQ and its effect on the overall quality ‘Maxi Gala’ apples after 9 months of storage plus 7 days of shelf life, in addition, compare with controlled atmosphere with application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and DCA-CF; [2] evaluate the effect of CO2 levels in DCA-RQ on the overall quality and volatile profile of apples after 9 months of storage plus 21 days of shelf life and compare with CA +1-MCP and DCA-CF and [3] study the effect of storage at extreme low oxygen levels (ELO) with induction of stresses by low O2 (hysteresis) on the overall quality and emission of volatile compounds after 9 months of storage plus 7, 14 and 21 days of shelf life, and compare them with CA + 1-MCP, DCA-CF and DCA-RQ. The storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apples during 9 months in DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.6 and 2.0 kPa of CO2 plus 7 days of shelf life maintains fruit quality similar to DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 kPa of CO2. DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 and 1.6 kPa CO2 maintains high fruit quality after 9 months of storage plus 21 days of shelf life at 20 °C. Storage in DCA-RQ 1.3 with 0.4 kPa CO2 maintains a high percentage of healthy fruit, but reduce flesh firmness during the entire shelf life (21 days). DCA-RQ 1.3 with 2.0 kPa CO2 maintains similar fruit quality to DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 and 1.6 kPa CO2 up to 14 days of shelf life. DCA-QR 1.3 with 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 kPa of CO2 result in higher emission of volatiles (mainly esters), at 21 days of shelf life, with no difference for CA. Storage at ELO levels with or without hysteresis maintains fruit quality similar to DCA-CF, CA+1-MCP, and superior to CA after 7 days of shelf life. After 21 days of shelf life, ELO with 0.4 O2 + 0.4 and 0.6 hysteresis maintain a higher percentage of healthy fruit compared to DCA-CF, CA +1-MCP, CA and similar to DCA-RQ , but with lower flesh firmness than DCA-RQ and CA + 1-MCP. Conditions with ELO with or without hysteresis reduce the emission of the main esters, such as 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl acetate (with the exception of butyl acetate) at 7 and 14 days, but with an increase at 21 days. DCA-CF and CA + 1-MCP have low emission of volatile compounds during 21 days of shelf life. Apples stored in CA maintain high volatile compounds production throughout the shelf life. The results of the three works show that the storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple in extreme low oxygen (0.4 kPa) with hysteresis of 0.4 to 0.6 allow a better quality conservation in comparison to DCA-CF and that it is possible to increase the CO2 level to 1.6 kPa in ELO conditions , which reduce cost of electrical energy for CO2 adsorption from the CA storage room.O armazenamento de maçãs em atmosfera controlada dinâmica (ACD), onde é monitorado o limite mínimo de oxigênio (LMO), permite utilizar níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio. Dentre as técnicas mais estudadas estão fluorescência de clorofila (FC) e o quociente respiratório (QR). O monitoramento do LMO é importante para evitar a produção excessiva de compostos do metabolismo anaeróbico, causados pela redução excessiva do O2. O estudo do efeito de diferentes pressões parciais de CO2 em níveis extremamente baixos de O2 em ACD é importante a fim de propiciar melhorias na conservação dos frutos e redução do custo com absorção de CO2 nas câmaras frigoríficas. Além disso, a adoção de níveis estáticos de O2 extremamente baixos e a histerese da variação destes níveis ainda carecem de mais estudos. Nesse contexto, no presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos três artigos científicos com o objetivo de: [1] avaliar diferentes pressões parciais de CO2 em ACD-QR e seu efeito na qualidade geral de maçãs ‘Maxi Gala’ após nove meses de armazenamento seguido de sete dias de vida de prateleira, além de comparar com as técnicas de atmosfera controlada (AC) com aplicação de 1-MCP e ACD-FC; [2] avaliar o efeito de níveis de CO2 em ACD-QR na qualidade geral e perfil volátil de maçãs após nove meses de armazenamento mais 21 dias de vida de prateleira e compara com a AC- 1-MCP e ACD-FC e [3] estudar o efeito do armazenamento em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio (ELO -Extreme low oxygen) com indução de estresses por baixo O2 (histereses) na qualidade geral e emissão de compostos voláteis após nove meses de armazenamento mais 7, 14 e 21 dias de vida de prateleira, e compará-las com AC + 1-MCP (0,650 μL L-1), ACD-FC e ACD-QR. O armazenamento de maçãs ‘Maxi Gala’ durante nove meses em ACD-QR 1,3 com 1,6 e 2,0 kPa de CO2 mais sete dias de vida de prateleira, mantém a qualidade dos frutos similar a ACD-QR 1,3 com 1,2 kPa de CO2. ACD-QR 1,3 com 1,2 e 1,6 kPa CO2 mantém alta qualidade dos frutos após nove meses de armazenamento mais 21 dias de vida de prateleira a 20 °C. A adoção de baixo CO2 (0,4 kPa), em ACD-QR 1,3, resulta em menor firmeza de polpa durante 21 dias de vida de prateleira. A ACD-QR 1,3 com 2,0 kPa de CO2 mantém a qualidade dos frutos similar a ACD-QR 1,3 com 1,2 e 1,6 kPa de CO2 até o 14º dia de vida de prateleira. A ACD-QR 1,3 com 1,2, 1,6 e 2,0 kPa de CO2 resultam em maior emissão de voláteis (principalmente ésteres), aos 21 dias de vida de prateleira sem diferir da AC. O armazenamento em ELO, com ou sem histereses, mantém a qualidade dos frutos similar à ACD-FC, AC+1-MCP, e superior a AC após sete dias de vida de prateleira. Após 21 de vida de prateleira, ELO com 0,4 O2 + 0,4 e 0,6 de histerese mantém maior porcentagem de frutos sadios em relação a ACD-FC, AC +1-MCP, AC e similar a ACD-QR, mas com menor firmeza de polpa que a ACD-QR e AC + 1-MCP. ELO com ou sem histereses reduzem a emissão dos principais ésteres, como acetato de 2-metilbutila e o acetato de etila (com exceção do acetato de butila) aos sete e 14 dias, mas com incremento aos 21 dias. Maçãs armazenadas em ACD-FC e AC + 1-MCP apresentam baixa emissão de compostos voláteis durante os 21 dias de vida de prateleira, enquanto que aquelas em AC mantém alta produção durante toda a vida de prateleira. Os resultados dos três trabalhos evidenciam que o armazenamento de maçãs ‘Maxi Gala’ em oxigênio extremamente baixo (0,4 kPa) com histereses de 0,4 a 0,6 permitem uma conservação da qualidade superior a ACD-FC e que em condições de ELO é possível elevar o nível de CO2 a 1,6 kPa, o que reduz custos com energia elétrica no processo de adsorção da câmara de AC.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências RuraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em AgronomiaUFSMBrasilAgronomiaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCompostos voláteisDesordens fisiológicasFirmeza de polpaFrutos sadiosMalus domesticaVida de prateleiraFlesh firmnessHealthy fruitPhysiological disordersShelf lifeVolatile compoundsCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIAQualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histeresesQuality of apples stored in dynamic controlled atmosphere with different CO2 levels and extreme low oxygen levels with periodic hypoxia stress through different hysteresisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisBrackmann, Aurihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1305840929832646Saquet, Adriano ArrielWeber, AndersonOster, Andréia HansenBoth, Vanderleihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9108903896552995Schultz, Erani Eliseu500100000009600600600600600600600138ff5d6-1221-4258-86cc-aca3d85828a3d0d040ad-2556-4bf0-bca6-64375750cfc7578333a6-f46b-474d-ade7-20f431d1ca76d526374c-6498-412b-afb6-d7258439d3740a199625-9714-487f-b97f-0de94f92f9c9f7bcca15-df29-4af8-a5a9-07689f6cde3creponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Quality of apples stored in dynamic controlled atmosphere with different CO2 levels and extreme low oxygen levels with periodic hypoxia stress through different hysteresis |
title |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
spellingShingle |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses Schultz, Erani Eliseu Compostos voláteis Desordens fisiológicas Firmeza de polpa Frutos sadios Malus domestica Vida de prateleira Flesh firmness Healthy fruit Physiological disorders Shelf life Volatile compounds CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
title_full |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
title_fullStr |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
title_sort |
Qualidade de maçãs armazenadas em atmosfera controlada dinâmica com diferentes níveis de CO2 e em níveis extremamente baixos de oxigênio com estresses periódicos por hipoxia através de diferentes histereses |
author |
Schultz, Erani Eliseu |
author_facet |
Schultz, Erani Eliseu |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Brackmann, Auri |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1305840929832646 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Saquet, Adriano Arriel |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Weber, Anderson |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Oster, Andréia Hansen |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Both, Vanderlei |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9108903896552995 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Schultz, Erani Eliseu |
contributor_str_mv |
Brackmann, Auri Saquet, Adriano Arriel Weber, Anderson Oster, Andréia Hansen Both, Vanderlei |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Compostos voláteis Desordens fisiológicas Firmeza de polpa Frutos sadios Malus domestica Vida de prateleira |
topic |
Compostos voláteis Desordens fisiológicas Firmeza de polpa Frutos sadios Malus domestica Vida de prateleira Flesh firmness Healthy fruit Physiological disorders Shelf life Volatile compounds CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Flesh firmness Healthy fruit Physiological disorders Shelf life Volatile compounds |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
The storage of apples in a dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA), where the low oxygen limit (LOL) is monitored, allows the use of extremely low levels of oxygen. Among the most studied techniques are chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and respiratory quotient (RQ). Monitoring LOL is important to avoid excessive induction of anaerobic metabolism compounds caused by excessive O2 reduction. The study of the effect of different partial pressures of CO2 on extremely low levels of O2 in DCA is important in order to provide improvements in fruit conservation and a reduction in the cost of CO2 absorption in the chambers. Furthermore, the adoption of extremely low static O2 levels and the hysteresis of the variation in these levels still need further studies. In this context, in the present work, three papers were developed with the aim of: [1] evaluating different pCO2 in DCA-RQ and its effect on the overall quality ‘Maxi Gala’ apples after 9 months of storage plus 7 days of shelf life, in addition, compare with controlled atmosphere with application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and DCA-CF; [2] evaluate the effect of CO2 levels in DCA-RQ on the overall quality and volatile profile of apples after 9 months of storage plus 21 days of shelf life and compare with CA +1-MCP and DCA-CF and [3] study the effect of storage at extreme low oxygen levels (ELO) with induction of stresses by low O2 (hysteresis) on the overall quality and emission of volatile compounds after 9 months of storage plus 7, 14 and 21 days of shelf life, and compare them with CA + 1-MCP, DCA-CF and DCA-RQ. The storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apples during 9 months in DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.6 and 2.0 kPa of CO2 plus 7 days of shelf life maintains fruit quality similar to DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 kPa of CO2. DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 and 1.6 kPa CO2 maintains high fruit quality after 9 months of storage plus 21 days of shelf life at 20 °C. Storage in DCA-RQ 1.3 with 0.4 kPa CO2 maintains a high percentage of healthy fruit, but reduce flesh firmness during the entire shelf life (21 days). DCA-RQ 1.3 with 2.0 kPa CO2 maintains similar fruit quality to DCA-RQ 1.3 with 1.2 and 1.6 kPa CO2 up to 14 days of shelf life. DCA-QR 1.3 with 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 kPa of CO2 result in higher emission of volatiles (mainly esters), at 21 days of shelf life, with no difference for CA. Storage at ELO levels with or without hysteresis maintains fruit quality similar to DCA-CF, CA+1-MCP, and superior to CA after 7 days of shelf life. After 21 days of shelf life, ELO with 0.4 O2 + 0.4 and 0.6 hysteresis maintain a higher percentage of healthy fruit compared to DCA-CF, CA +1-MCP, CA and similar to DCA-RQ , but with lower flesh firmness than DCA-RQ and CA + 1-MCP. Conditions with ELO with or without hysteresis reduce the emission of the main esters, such as 2-methylbutyl acetate and ethyl acetate (with the exception of butyl acetate) at 7 and 14 days, but with an increase at 21 days. DCA-CF and CA + 1-MCP have low emission of volatile compounds during 21 days of shelf life. Apples stored in CA maintain high volatile compounds production throughout the shelf life. The results of the three works show that the storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apple in extreme low oxygen (0.4 kPa) with hysteresis of 0.4 to 0.6 allow a better quality conservation in comparison to DCA-CF and that it is possible to increase the CO2 level to 1.6 kPa in ELO conditions , which reduce cost of electrical energy for CO2 adsorption from the CA storage room. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-08-06 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-15T11:40:44Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-15T11:40:44Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/29075 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/29075 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
500100000009 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 600 600 600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
138ff5d6-1221-4258-86cc-aca3d85828a3 d0d040ad-2556-4bf0-bca6-64375750cfc7 578333a6-f46b-474d-ade7-20f431d1ca76 d526374c-6498-412b-afb6-d7258439d374 0a199625-9714-487f-b97f-0de94f92f9c9 f7bcca15-df29-4af8-a5a9-07689f6cde3c |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Agronomia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/29075/2/license_rdf http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/29075/3/license.txt http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/29075/1/TES_PPGAGRONOMIA_2021_SCHULTZ_ERANI.pdf |
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MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1801224014045118464 |