Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro
Ano de defesa: | 2015 |
---|---|
Autor(a) principal: | |
Orientador(a): | |
Banca de defesa: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Tipo de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
Idioma: | por |
Instituição de defesa: |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal
|
Departamento: |
Bioquímica
|
País: |
Brasil
|
Palavras-chave em Português: | |
Palavras-chave em Inglês: | |
Área do conhecimento CNPq: | |
Link de acesso: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17561 |
Resumo: | Through an extensive sampling effort, I investigated the relationships of ectoparasites (Ixodidae, Mesostigmata, Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) with small mammals in remnants of savanna in central-western Brazil, addressing questions relating to species diversity, population dynamics, specificity in host-parasite relationship, and the importance of several factors in the structural organization of ectoparasites communities. In general, I expand the known occurrence area for 30 ectoparasite species and also show 49 new host-parasite association records. Considering the populational fluctuation, I evaluated the effect of seasonality and host gender on the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of various species of ectoparasites. I found that, overall, ticks are more influenced by seasonality than other species, while the host gender does not influence the prevalence and mean intensity of ectoparasite infestation. About specificity, I investigated the association degree of both: ectoparasites (mites, lice and fleas) with their hosts and hosts with their ectoparasites. As a result, I noticed that each host species has a particular parasitic fauna and there is a high specificity of these ectoparasites with their hosts. I also evaluated the importance of host traits (identity, gender, body mass, vertical space use, and capture seasonality) on the structural organization of the entire ectoparasite community, as well as of mites, ticks and lice separately. I found that the host identity plays an important role in the ectoparasites community organization more than the other factors. Mites are also mainly influenced by the host identity. The host mass has a strong influence on the richness and abundance of ticks, while lice are little influenced by the factors analyzed, with the exception of species richness, which is highly influenced by the host identity. The other analyzed factors had little or no influence on the different groups evaluated. Finally, I evaluated the habitat fragmentation effect (area size and natural vegetation amount in the landscape) on the entire ectoparasite community, and mites, ticks and lice separately. I also analyzed the fragmentation effect on the Didelphis albiventris ticks and all ectoparasites of Thrichomys fosteri, since they are ecologically opposite in the landscape As a result, I observed that, in general, fragmentation influences the ectoparasite community, and that ticks are benefited by fragmentation, lice are negatively affected, and mites are not affected. However, in most cases this influence is dependent on the host species composition or abundance. Exceptions were T. fosteri ectoparasites which, in addition of being affected by the abundance of their host, had a direct relationship with area size and landscape vegetation cover. Understanding host-ectoparasite relationships, as well as the ectoparasite relationship with the environment, provide a valuable opportunity for understanding different ecological processes other than those patterns seen only by their hosts. Also, understand how ectoparasites react to the fragmentation provides insights about how local diversity is being affected and its consequences. |
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2019-07-25T20:19:03Z2019-07-25T20:19:03Z2015-03-30http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17561Through an extensive sampling effort, I investigated the relationships of ectoparasites (Ixodidae, Mesostigmata, Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) with small mammals in remnants of savanna in central-western Brazil, addressing questions relating to species diversity, population dynamics, specificity in host-parasite relationship, and the importance of several factors in the structural organization of ectoparasites communities. In general, I expand the known occurrence area for 30 ectoparasite species and also show 49 new host-parasite association records. Considering the populational fluctuation, I evaluated the effect of seasonality and host gender on the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of various species of ectoparasites. I found that, overall, ticks are more influenced by seasonality than other species, while the host gender does not influence the prevalence and mean intensity of ectoparasite infestation. About specificity, I investigated the association degree of both: ectoparasites (mites, lice and fleas) with their hosts and hosts with their ectoparasites. As a result, I noticed that each host species has a particular parasitic fauna and there is a high specificity of these ectoparasites with their hosts. I also evaluated the importance of host traits (identity, gender, body mass, vertical space use, and capture seasonality) on the structural organization of the entire ectoparasite community, as well as of mites, ticks and lice separately. I found that the host identity plays an important role in the ectoparasites community organization more than the other factors. Mites are also mainly influenced by the host identity. The host mass has a strong influence on the richness and abundance of ticks, while lice are little influenced by the factors analyzed, with the exception of species richness, which is highly influenced by the host identity. The other analyzed factors had little or no influence on the different groups evaluated. Finally, I evaluated the habitat fragmentation effect (area size and natural vegetation amount in the landscape) on the entire ectoparasite community, and mites, ticks and lice separately. I also analyzed the fragmentation effect on the Didelphis albiventris ticks and all ectoparasites of Thrichomys fosteri, since they are ecologically opposite in the landscape As a result, I observed that, in general, fragmentation influences the ectoparasite community, and that ticks are benefited by fragmentation, lice are negatively affected, and mites are not affected. However, in most cases this influence is dependent on the host species composition or abundance. Exceptions were T. fosteri ectoparasites which, in addition of being affected by the abundance of their host, had a direct relationship with area size and landscape vegetation cover. Understanding host-ectoparasite relationships, as well as the ectoparasite relationship with the environment, provide a valuable opportunity for understanding different ecological processes other than those patterns seen only by their hosts. Also, understand how ectoparasites react to the fragmentation provides insights about how local diversity is being affected and its consequences.Por meio de um extenso esforço de captura, investiguei a relação de ectoparasitas (Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Phthiraptera e Siphonaptera) com pequenos mamíferos em fragmentos de cerrado no centro-oeste do Brasil, abordando questões relativas à diversidade de espécies, flutuação populacional, especificidade na relação parasita-hospedeiro e à importância de fatores diversos sobre a organização estrutural das comunidades de ectoparasitas. De maneira geral, ampliei a área de ocorrência conhecida para 30 espécies de ectoparasitas, bem como apresento 39 novos registros de associação parasita-hospedeiro. Acerca da flutuação populacional, avaliei o efeito da sazonalidade e do sexo dos hospedeiros sobre a prevalência e intensidade média de infestação de várias espécies de ectoparasitas e encontrei que, no geral, espécies de carrapatos são mais influenciadas pela sazonalidade do que as demais espécies, enquanto que o sexo do hospedeiro praticamente não interfere na prevalência e intensidade média de infestação por ectoparasitas. Acerca da especificidade, investiguei qual o grau de associação dos ectoparasitas (ácaros, piolhos e pulga) com seus hospedeiros, bem como dos hospedeiros com seus ectoparasitas. Como resultado, observei que cada espécie de hospedeiro apresenta uma fauna parasitária particular e existe uma alta especificidade destes ectoparasitas com seus hospedeiros. Avaliei ainda a importância de características relacionadas aos hospedeiros (identidade, sexo, massa, estratificação vertical na floresta e sazonalidade de captura) sobre a organização estrutural da comunidade de ectoparasitas, bem como de ácaros, carrapatos e piolhos isoladamente. Encontrei que a identidade do hospedeiro tem papel preponderante na organização da comunidade de ectoparasitas. Ácaros também são influenciados principalmente pela identidade dos hospedeiros. A massa do hospedeiro exerce forte influência sobre a riqueza e abundância de carrapatos, enquanto que os piolhos são pouco influenciados pelos fatores analisados, à exceção da riqueza de espécies, que é altamente influenciada pela identidade do hospedeiro. Os demais fatores analisados tiveram baixa ou nenhuma influência sobre os diferentes grupos de ectoparasitas avaliados. Por fim avaliei o efeito da fragmentação do habitat (tamanho de área e quantidade de vegetação na paisagem), sobre toda a comunidade de ectoparasitas, e para ácaros, carrapatos e piolhos isoladamente. Analisei ainda o efeito da fragmentação sobre os carrapatos de Didelphis albiventris e todos os ectoparasitas de Thrichomys fosteri, que são hospedeiros com ecologias divergentes em paisagens fragmentadas. Como resultado, observei que, de maneira geral, a fragmentação influencia os parâmetros da comunidade de ectoparasitas, sendo que carrapatos são beneficiados pela fragmentação, piolhos são prejudicados, e ácaros não são afetados. Porém, na maioria dos casos, essa influência é dependente da composição ou abundância das espécies hospedeiras. As exceções são os ectoparasitas de T. fosteri que, além de serem afetados por meio da abundância do seu hospedeiro, apresentam uma relação direta com o tamanho de área e quantidade de vegetação na paisagem. Compreender as relações dos ectoparasitas com seus hospedeiros e destes com o ambiente fornece uma valiosa oportunidade para o entendimento de diferentes processos ecológicos que envolvem estas interrelações, além daquelas de seus hospedeiros. Além disso, entender as respostas dos ectoparasitas à fragmentação fornecem pistas sobre como a diversidade local esta sendo afetada e as consequências destes efeitos.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências Naturais e ExatasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade AnimalUFSMBrasilBioquímicaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessÁcarosCarrapatosDidelphimorphiaEspecificidade parasita-hospedeiroFragmentação florestalPerda de habitatPiolhosPulgasRodentiaMitesTicksHost-ectoparasite specificityForest fragmentationHabitat lossLiceFleasCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICAEctoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiroSmall mammal ectoparasites: factors that determine the community structure in fragmented landscapes in the brazilian cerradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisCáceres, Nilton Carloshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1920880712756721Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2160962871872689Bergallo, Helena de Godoyhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8806985537528383Moura, Mauricio Osvaldohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0091501164531871Ribeiro, Jose Ricardo Inaciohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5627311567399428http://lattes.cnpq.br/8469321259961603Sponchiado, Jonas200800000002600bfaadf7f-47b1-43c4-9394-7ee2f01fe81657923c07-2586-4aeb-8a8a-31ff9682296fd5f7161a-89b5-4ab7-8929-79abfbc37133e26242dc-ef2e-4505-966e-6496af3fe729eb579436-bff7-44ec-84d0-c325222e54c2c8e74f6a-20bf-4f0b-95c0-9b903f136fd7reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALTES_PPGBA_2015_SPONCHIADO_JONAS.pdfTES_PPGBA_2015_SPONCHIADO_JONAS.pdfTese de Doutoradoapplication/pdf8562879http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/17561/1/TES_PPGBA_2015_SPONCHIADO_JONAS.pdfd90f97bed8c3f5b6ea017ac9be14ad6bMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Small mammal ectoparasites: factors that determine the community structure in fragmented landscapes in the brazilian cerrado |
title |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
spellingShingle |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro Sponchiado, Jonas Ácaros Carrapatos Didelphimorphia Especificidade parasita-hospedeiro Fragmentação florestal Perda de habitat Piolhos Pulgas Rodentia Mites Ticks Host-ectoparasite specificity Forest fragmentation Habitat loss Lice Fleas CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
title_short |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
title_full |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
title_fullStr |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
title_sort |
Ectoparasitas de pequenos mamíferos: fatores determinantes da estrutura de comunidades em paisagens fragmentadas no cerrado brasileiro |
author |
Sponchiado, Jonas |
author_facet |
Sponchiado, Jonas |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Cáceres, Nilton Carlos |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1920880712756721 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2160962871872689 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Bergallo, Helena de Godoy |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8806985537528383 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Moura, Mauricio Osvaldo |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0091501164531871 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Ribeiro, Jose Ricardo Inacio |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5627311567399428 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8469321259961603 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Sponchiado, Jonas |
contributor_str_mv |
Cáceres, Nilton Carlos Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes Bergallo, Helena de Godoy Moura, Mauricio Osvaldo Ribeiro, Jose Ricardo Inacio |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ácaros Carrapatos Didelphimorphia Especificidade parasita-hospedeiro Fragmentação florestal Perda de habitat Piolhos Pulgas Rodentia |
topic |
Ácaros Carrapatos Didelphimorphia Especificidade parasita-hospedeiro Fragmentação florestal Perda de habitat Piolhos Pulgas Rodentia Mites Ticks Host-ectoparasite specificity Forest fragmentation Habitat loss Lice Fleas CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Mites Ticks Host-ectoparasite specificity Forest fragmentation Habitat loss Lice Fleas |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
description |
Through an extensive sampling effort, I investigated the relationships of ectoparasites (Ixodidae, Mesostigmata, Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) with small mammals in remnants of savanna in central-western Brazil, addressing questions relating to species diversity, population dynamics, specificity in host-parasite relationship, and the importance of several factors in the structural organization of ectoparasites communities. In general, I expand the known occurrence area for 30 ectoparasite species and also show 49 new host-parasite association records. Considering the populational fluctuation, I evaluated the effect of seasonality and host gender on the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation of various species of ectoparasites. I found that, overall, ticks are more influenced by seasonality than other species, while the host gender does not influence the prevalence and mean intensity of ectoparasite infestation. About specificity, I investigated the association degree of both: ectoparasites (mites, lice and fleas) with their hosts and hosts with their ectoparasites. As a result, I noticed that each host species has a particular parasitic fauna and there is a high specificity of these ectoparasites with their hosts. I also evaluated the importance of host traits (identity, gender, body mass, vertical space use, and capture seasonality) on the structural organization of the entire ectoparasite community, as well as of mites, ticks and lice separately. I found that the host identity plays an important role in the ectoparasites community organization more than the other factors. Mites are also mainly influenced by the host identity. The host mass has a strong influence on the richness and abundance of ticks, while lice are little influenced by the factors analyzed, with the exception of species richness, which is highly influenced by the host identity. The other analyzed factors had little or no influence on the different groups evaluated. Finally, I evaluated the habitat fragmentation effect (area size and natural vegetation amount in the landscape) on the entire ectoparasite community, and mites, ticks and lice separately. I also analyzed the fragmentation effect on the Didelphis albiventris ticks and all ectoparasites of Thrichomys fosteri, since they are ecologically opposite in the landscape As a result, I observed that, in general, fragmentation influences the ectoparasite community, and that ticks are benefited by fragmentation, lice are negatively affected, and mites are not affected. However, in most cases this influence is dependent on the host species composition or abundance. Exceptions were T. fosteri ectoparasites which, in addition of being affected by the abundance of their host, had a direct relationship with area size and landscape vegetation cover. Understanding host-ectoparasite relationships, as well as the ectoparasite relationship with the environment, provide a valuable opportunity for understanding different ecological processes other than those patterns seen only by their hosts. Also, understand how ectoparasites react to the fragmentation provides insights about how local diversity is being affected and its consequences. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-30 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-25T20:19:03Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-07-25T20:19:03Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17561 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17561 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
200800000002 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal |
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UFSM |
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Brasil |
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Bioquímica |
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
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