Tornar-se alguém: o conceito de responsabilidade na filosofia de Hannah Arendt

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Padilha, Rafael Alves
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia; Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Responsabilidade; Pluralidade; Ação; Pensamento; Fenomenologia; Singularização; Responsibility; Plurality; Action; Thought; Phenomenology; Singularization; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/37107

In this thesis, I investigate the concept of responsibility in the philosophy of Hannah Arendt, against the backdrop of the possibility of singularization in mass societies marked by tendencies toward depersonalization, human superfluity, and the potential destruction of the very conditions for life. My central argument is that responsibility is not a property or an external moral obligation, but a concept anchored in the fundamental structure of having-to-respond inherent to a being-of-the-world — that is, the movement of appropriation characteristic of a thrown being. This process of singularization — becoming someone — is tied to two fundamental human activities: action and thought. Understood as an impulse toward selfconstitution, responsibility actualizes the human condition of plurality through the free choice of oneself, the judgment that decides who will be admitted into the shared world, and care for the renewal of the world. Opposed to this "someone" is the figure of the "nobody," a product of alienation from the world and the impersonal forces of mass societies—the ideal citizen of totalitarianism, a being incapable of responding, thinking, or acting. In response to these threats, thought enables the examination of one's own life and establishes a form of self-consciousness that projects itself onto the world through judgment. Conversely, action reveals a commitment to plurality, the disclosure of singularity in the shared world, and the promise of a continual renewal of the world. Arendt thus articulates an ethics of responsibility whose ultimate criterion is the "who" that emerges in the act of responding to oneself, to the world, and to others. This constitutes a defense of human singularity against anonymization and non-agency, affirming the irreducible task of human installation in the world and the capacity of every individual to declare in the face of all interpellation: I am here!