Análise do estado nutricional, presença de distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e consumo alimentar de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva

• Ano de defesa: 2024
• Autor(a) principal: Pires, Leticia Ferreira
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• dARK ID: ark:/26339/001300001c9dd
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; Ciências da Saúde; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Centro de Ciências da Saúde
• Palavras-chave em Português: Diálise renal; Taxa de filtração glomerular; Hiperfosfatemia; Renal dialysis; Glomerular filtration rate; Hyperphosphatemia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/33488

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a health problem that has a significant impact on individuals' lives. The use of hemodialysis becomes an important form of treatment. Although essential for the filtration of body fluids, nutrient losses occur in the dialysate during hemodialysis. Objective: Therefore, food consumption, presence of hydroelectrolytic disorders, and nutritional risk in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy were evaluated. Methods: The study had a cross-sectional and analytical design with a quantitative and descriptive approach. The sample consisted of adult and elderly patients with CKD, who underwent treatment at a Nephrology Clinic in Uruguaiana/Rio Grande do Sul from March to July 2024. Sociodemographic characterization, nutritional assessment, and food consumption assessment were performed. The data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet. Statistical treatment of the data was performed with the aid of the statistical program Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, 2018) for Windows. The study included 46 hemodialysis patients, ages ranging from 24 to 82 years, with an estimated mean of 55.9 (SD = 15.6) years. Results: It was observed that the presence of males, 54.3% (n = 25), was higher when compared to females. The mean body mass index found was 26.4, indicating overweight. The presence of hydroelectrolytic disorders was observed, the most prevalent being hyperphosphatemia, presented by 50% of the sample studied. Through the 24-hour R, it was possible to assess that most patients had an insufficient diet in relation to calories, proteins and micronutrients. Conclusion: We observed in our study that the assessment of the nutritional status, hydroelectrolytic profile and food consumption of people on hemodialysis is quite complex, the presence of significant metabolic and nutritional status alterations was observed that need to be better monitored to reduce mortality in this population.