Deterioração de hábitos e sua influência no incremento de lesões cariosas ativas em adultos jovens do sul do Brasil após 5 anos de acompanhamento

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Takahama, Ricardo Kenji
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas; Centro de Ciências da Saúde
• Palavras-chave em Português: Cárie dentária; Hábitos; Fumar; Adulto jovem; Estudos longitudinais; Dental caries; Habits; Smoke; Young adult; Cohort studies; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/37157

During the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, the need to integrate into new social groups, combined with the stress arising from external expectations and the onset of financial independence, can lead to the development of adverse habits that impact various aspects of health. These adverse behaviors can have significant consequences, including negative effects on oral health. This study evaluated the influence of lifestyle deterioration on the increment of active caries lesions in young adults from southern Brazil over a five-year follow-up period. This prospective cohort study derived from a population-based epidemiological survey conducted in 2018 to assess the oral health conditions of 15-to-19-year-old adolescents from Santa Maria, southern Brazil (n=1,197). After a mean period of 5 (sd±0.5) years, all participants were invited to participate in the second assessment. Data collection included a self-administered questionnaire (sociodemographic and behavioral data) and clinical examination (presence of dental caries, non-cavitated/cavitated, active/inactive), collected at both time points. Predictor variables were smoking initiation, increase in alcohol consumption and decrease in physical activity, used as indicators of lifestyle deterioration. Adjustment variables included sex, age, skin color, maternal education, family income, decrease in toothbrushing frequency and increase in soft drink consumption. The outcome was the increment of active caries lesions (non-cavitated/cavitated), modelled as a discrete variable. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used, and incidence risk ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. At follow-up, 570 participants were reassessed (cohort retention rate of 47.6%). In the adjusted model, new smokers had an approximately 5-fold higher risk (IRR=4.87; 95%CI=1.95-12.15) for presenting an additional active caries lesion than their counterparts who did not start smoking, even after the adjustment for age, maternal education, family income, and decrease in toothbrushing frequency. Increase in alcohol consumption and decrease in physical activity were not associated with the study outcome. In conclusion, smoking initiation was found to be a risk factor for the increment of active caries lesions in young adults in southern Brazil.