Diretrizes projetuais para o conforto acústico em salas de aula

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Palma, Luiza Paim da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Paisagismo; Centro de Tecnologia
• Palavras-chave em Português: Conforto acústico; Condicionamento acústico; Acústica de salas de aula; Simulações acústicas; Diretrizes projetuais; Acoustic comfort; Acoustic conditioning; Classroom acoustics; Acoustic simulations; Design guidelines; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/37167

Excessive noise and reverberation in educational environments compromise speech intelligibility and the performance of students, teachers, and other users. This study investigated the acoustic conditioning of the Standard Classroom model, according to the specifications of the Technical Manual of the Brazilian National Fund for Educational Development (FNDE, 2023), using computational acoustic simulations performed with Odeon v.11.23. The main objective was to contribute to the improvement of acoustic comfort in classrooms by providing technical support for the improvement of FNDE recommendations, through the proposal of acoustic conditioning design guidelines for learning educational environments. The initial analysis revealed deficiencies in the standard design, with reverberation time (T20), early decay time (EDT), definition (D50), clarity (C50), and speech transmission index (STI) parameters outside recommended ranges, characterizing a classroom with inadequate acoustic conditioning and high reverberation, unfavorable to speech intelligibility. Based on this diagnosis, nine intervention scenarios were developed, focusing on strategic modification of internal surfaces to reduce reverberation time and improve speech intelligibility. The systematic simulation process led to the definition of an optimized proposal (Scenario 10), combining combination vinyl flooring, partial wall treatment, and a strategically applied suspended ceiling in a "U" configuration covering approximately 38% of the total ceiling area. This solution achieved the best acoustic conditioning, raising the STI to 0.70, classified as "good" according to IEC 60268-16:2020, while controlling T20 and EDT values within satisfactory levels. Additionally, in situ acoustic measurements were conducted in a classroom of the Dom Antônio Reis Municipal School in Santa Maria – RS, selected for its compatibility with the FNDE design recommendations. Results confirmed that treating larger surface areas with high-absorption materials, particularly ceilings, is the main factor in achieving adequate acoustic conditioning. Finally, the optimized proposal was simulated in classrooms of different volumes, demonstrating that adopted conditioning strategies are replicable and effective across diverse educational contexts. It is concluded that the strategic combination of high-absorption materials provides technically validated design guidelines for acoustic conditioning in classrooms, contributing to acoustic comfortable learning environments that support oral communication.