Análise do relevo e sua relação entre os lineamentos estruturais e a ocorrência de terremotos no Haiti

• Ano de defesa: 2025
• Autor(a) principal: Calixte, Miralda Myrtho
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Brasil; UFSM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas
• Palavras-chave em Português: Estruturas geológicas; Compartimentação; Lineamentos estruturais; Geomorphons; Geological structures; Compartmentalization; Structural lineaments; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA
• Link de acesso: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/36891

Earthquakes are among the most devastating natural disasters, causing significant economic impact and loss of life. For this reason, in seismically active areas such as Haiti, where the terrain is characterized by relief patterns with strong structural and tectonic control. Relief analysis remains essential and important because relief is the result of internal and external processes of the planet and is a determining factor in understanding the structure, composition, and forms of the surface. In this context, relief studies combined with geotechnologies allow for automated relief analysis and the extraction of structural lineaments that may be related to seismic activity. Thus, this study sought to analyze the relief and its relationship between structural lineaments and the occurrence of earthquakes in Haiti. To carry out this work, we used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), generated from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data. These tools were used in the analysis and manipulation of data to define the relief forms, extract the lineaments with different artificial illuminations, and generate orientation rosettes. To characterize and extract the country's relief, we used the methods of Jasiewicz and Stepinski (2013), which are based on Geomorphons, and Radaideh et al. (2016) to automatically map lineaments. The results showed that of the five defined landform compartments, compartment A has flat areas and slopes, B has steep slopes, secondary ridges, flat areas, valleys, and depressions, C has steep slopes and ridges, and D and E have similar relief, constituting relief elements that mark the top of the mountain ranges. Compartments A and B predominate in terms of total area. Compartment A, which occupies 34.26% of the total area, is characterized by gentle flat areas and is connected to the Cul-de-Sac depression. Compartment B, with 34.45% of the total area, is characterized by steep slopes, secondary ridges, flat areas, valleys, and depressions in which the Lascahobas and Thomonde formations and the country's Central Plateau are located. Analysis of the lineament maps identified eight main orientations: N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, WNW, NW e NNW. The West-Northwest, Northwest, East, and North orientations are the most predominant. The density of lineaments is high in areas of more rugged terrain, decreasing sharply in the Central Plateau and in depression zones. In addition, the directions of the lineaments coincide with the main and secondary faults, demonstrating consistency with the physiographic characteristics of the region.